World History Dixon Unit 4 African Empires Notes with ppt. Name: Period

Geography, Migration and Language

Nomads:

Migration:

Bantu Migration

• 
  Starting in 3000 BC/BCE a group of people began _____________southward in Africa
  
• 
  These were the ____________ speaking people (_______ means “the people”)
  
• 
  These people were ______________________ who also had skills in ironworking
  
• 
  Overtime develop agricultural (_____________, growing crops, herding)
  
• 
  ______________ was one of the main languages as is Bantu languages and _________________
  
• 
  Early people clans based on __________________
  
• 
  Some clans had _________________ descent.
  
• 
  Others ______________ descent.
  

• 
  Located on the Southern part of the Nile River in present day ____________
  
• 
  Kush merchants traded _____, leopard skins & ________ for goods from Med. & Red Sea regions
  
• 
  Evidence of _______________ influence: pyramids, tombs of kings contained _____________, etc; boats & eating ___________
  

• 
  Located on the Red Sea
  
• 
  Present Day ________________
  
• 
  Traded with Egypt, Greece, _________, Persia & India; Exchanged _____________ for goods
  
• 
  Through trade Axum absorbed many elements of Roman culture, including the adoption of __________________
  

• 
  Located between Zambezi and _______________ Rivers
  
• 
  Mined rich deposits of copper & ___________
  
• 
  Controlled trade _____________ between gold mines and the sea
  
• 
  GREAT ZIMBABWE: Great stonewall ___________________ that served as a political and religious center - chief held court here
  

• 
  WEST AFRICAN
  SALT-GOLD KINGDOMS--GHANA, MALI & SONGHAI
  
• 
  The _____________ is one of the great rivers of Africa, stretching over _____________miles (4,000 km) in a great arc that extends northward from Guinea to Mali before turning back toward the south and making its way to empty into the Gulf of _____________.
  
• 
  All 3 kingdoms controlled some aspects of the famous Salt for Gold trade of Western Africa around the northern peak of the Niger River
  

• 
  Gov’t based on Kings called “____________________”
  
• 
  __________________ traded Ghana’s GOLD for Sahara’s SALT with Muslims traders
  
• 
  Practiced tradition religions
  
• 
  Muslim traders introduced ______________ to kingdom
  
• 
  __________________ & iron weapons enable Ghana to dominate neighbors
  

• 
  Mali means “where the KING resides””
  
• 
  _______________________: Greatest King of Mali - Hajj to Mecca; Introduced Islamic culture to Mali
  
• 
  Economy: Gold/Salt trade & ______________________ production
  
• 
  Rulers became _________________
  
• 
  prosperous kingdom
  
• 
  _________________________ became center of learning (university) &Islamic cultural center - contained Muslim art, _______________________________
  
• 
  Evidence of trip to the Americas?
  

• 
  SUNNI ALI: conquered cities of Mali
  
• 
  expanded empire to include most of W. African savanna-
  
• 
  Songhai controlled both ends of the Salt-Gold Trade
  
• 
  ASKIA MUHAMMAD: Empire reached height - golden age of the western Sudan
  
• 
  Skilled ________________, fishers, & farmers
  
• 
  Went on hajj to _____________________
  
• 
  Divided Songhai into 5 _____________________, each with gov’t, tax collector, court & trade inspector
  
• 
  Introduced laws based on teaching of the _______________
  

• 
  __________________ kingdom to the north launched continuous attacks
  
• 
  Moroccans wanted to control the gold _______________
  
• 
  destroyed the Empire
  
• 
  economic decline
  
• 
  internal fragmentation
  

Geography, Migration and Language

Nomads:

Migration:

Bantu Migration

• 
  Starting in 3000 BC/BCE a group of people began migrating southward in Africa
  
• 
  These were the Bantu speaking people (Bantu means “the people”)
  
• 
  These people were farmers/nomads who also had skills in ironworking
  
• 
  Overtime develop agricultural (slash/burn, growing crops, herding)
  
• 
  Swahili was one of the main languages as is Bantu languages and Arabic
  
• 
  Early people clans based on lineage
  
• 
  Some clans had matrilineal descent.
  
• 
  Others patrilineal descent.
  

• 
  Located on the Southern part of the Nile River in present day Sudan
  
• 
  Kush merchants traded iron, leopard skins & ebony for goods from Med. & Red Sea regions
  
• 
  Evidence of Egyptian influence: pyramids, tombs of kings contained jewelry, etc; boats & eating utensils
  

• 
  Located on the Red Sea
  
• 
  Present Day Ethiopia
  
• 
  Traded with Egypt, Greece, Rome, Persia & India; Exchanged ivory for goods
  
• 
  Through trade Axum absorbed many elements of Roman culture, including the adoption of CHRISTIANITY
  

• 
  Located between Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers
  
• 
  Mined rich deposits of copper & gold
  
• 
  Controlled trade routes between gold mines and the sea
  
• 
  GREAT ZIMBABWE: Great stonewall fortress that served as a political and religious center - chief held court here
  

• 
  WEST AFRICAN
  SALT-GOLD KINGDOMS--GHANA, MALI & SONGHAI
  
• 
  The Niger is one of the great rivers of Africa, stretching over 2,500 miles (4,000 km) in a great arc that extends northward from Guinea to Mali before turning back toward the south and making its way to empty into the Gulf of Guinea.
  
• 
  All 3 kingdoms controlled some aspects of the famous Salt for Gold trade of Western Africa around the northern peak of the Niger River
  

• 
  Gov’t based on Kings called “Ghanas”
  
• 
  Caravans traded Ghana’s GOLD for Sahara’s SALT with Muslims traders
  
• 
  Practiced tradition religions
  
• 
  Muslim traders introduced Islam to kingdom
  
• 
  Calvary & iron weapons enable Ghana to dominate neighbors
  

• 
  Mali means “where the KING resides””
  
• 
  MANSA MUSA: Greatest King of Mali - Hajj to Mecca; Introduced Islamic culture to Mali
  
• 
  Economy: Gold/Salt trade & agricultural production
  
• 
  Rulers became Muslim
  
• 
  prosperous kingdom
  
• 
  Timbuktu became center of learning (university) &Islamic cultural center - contained Muslim art, mosques
  
• 
  Evidence of trip to the Americas?
  

• 
  SUNNI ALI: conquered cities of Mali
  
• 
  expanded empire to include most of W. African savanna-
  
• 
  Songhai controlled both ends of the Salt-Gold Trade
  
• 
  ASKIA MUHAMMAD: Empire reached height - golden age of the western Sudan
  
• 
  Skilled traders, fishers, & farmers
  
• 
  Went on hajj to Mecca
  
• 
  Divided Songhai into 5 provinces, each with gov’t, tax collector, court & trade inspector
  
• 
  Introduced laws based on teaching of the Koran
  

• 
  Moroccan kingdom to the north launched continuous attacks
  
• 
  Moroccans wanted to control the gold source
  
• 
  destroyed the Empire
  
• 
  economic decline
  
• 
  internal fragmentation