University of Michigan mlk tournament 2005 packet by Case Western Reserve U. and Vanderbilt

MLK Tournament 2005

and

Michigan MLK Tournament 2005

Packet by Case Western and Vanderbilt
TOSSUPS
1. Hadamard showed that under certain conditions, its absolute value is less than or equal to n to the quantity n divided by two. It was supposedly invented at about the same time by Japanese mathematician Seki Kowa and Gottfried Leibnitz and it is often simplified by elementary row operations, as its calculation by minors is of the order n factorial. It is a function that returns a constant value for any n by n matrix with constant elements, and thus is useful in finding a matrix’s inverse. FTP, name this mathematical object that is famously used in Cramer's Rule.
Answer: Determinant

2. It was originally conceived as a temporary measure, but when efforts to make the Count of Chambord king bogged down over a dispute about the flag, a permanent constitution was drafted. Paul Deschanel and Paul Doumer each led it for less than two years, and Albert Lebrun, its last president, was forced to accept Germany’s terms of surrender before being replaced by Pétain. Adolphe Thiers was the first president of, FTP, what government that was founded shortly after the Franco-Prussian war and which lasted until the Vichy government took control of France?

3. Memorable moments include Mule asking Klitz and Eli if they'd like to give his girlfriend a throw, and Matt stealing a golden penis statue from Hugo Posh to get back the money Kelly stole from him. Matt needs the money to bring Samnang to the US from Cambodia, but he got in trouble with Kelly by convincing Danielle to leave her career as a porn star and start over with him. FTP, name this movie starring Elisha Cuthbert as the proverbial hotty from one house over.

4. This composer's 16 string quartets include the "Harp," the "Quartetto Serioso" and the three "Razumovsky" quartets as well as the really strange late ones. His 10 violin sonatas include "Spring" and "Kreutzer." "Emperor," in E-flat, is the fifth and last of his piano concertos. "Les Adieux," "Tempest," "Waldstein," "Appassionata," "Pathetique" and "Moonlight" are among the piano sonatas of, for 10 points, what composer whose ninth and last symphony has some singing in it?

5. The second came to the throne as a child in 1833 and even as an adult was heavily influenced by generals including Espartero, O'Donnell and Narvaez. After the latter two died, she lost her grip on power and was forced into exile. Her accession had led Spain into the Carlist wars. The second had to fight a civil war to succeed her brother Henry IV, who died in 1474. By then she was already married to Ferdinand of Aragon but had not yet met Christopher Columbus. For 10 points, given the name shared by these two Spanish queens.

6.