United States History Honors – eoc study Guide “Cheat” Sheet Coach Duncan The Early Republic (1789-1802)
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| United States History Honors – EOC Study Guide “Cheat” Sheet Coach Duncan
The Early Republic (1789-1802)
– All states unanimously ratify the Bill of Rights 1793 – Proclamation of American Neutrality (by George Washington) – keeps America neutral after France declares war on Britain, Spain, and Holland (example of U.S. foreign policy) - Fugitive Slave Act – illegal to help slaves escape - Eli Whitney invents Cotton Gin - **Creates massive increase of slaves in the South
- Pinckney Treaty – Spain gives U.S. navigation rights on Mississippi River, New Orleans 1796 – John Adams (Federalist) defeats Thomas Jefferson (Republican) in first contested Presidential Election; Jefferson becomes Vice President
Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions – increase state rights over Federal rights, written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Alexander Hamilton suggests U.S. capital moves to Washington, D.C. (move helps gain Southern support for Hamilton’s economics)
Judiciary Act/Midnight Judges – Adams attempt to secure the Federalist party days before he is to leave office by appointing Federalists into office Westward Expansion and Strained Neutrality (1803-1811) -
1803- Marbury vs. Madison establishes Judicial Review -
1803 – Louisana Purchase – not known to Jefferson if it was constitutional to annex land, Congress approves purchase from France, doubles the size of U.S. Lewis and Clark Expedition sets to survey land of Louisana Purchase (Sacagawea guided) Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel -
1807 – Embargo Act – placed by Jefferson on Britain/France; fails – hurts U.S. economy -
1808 – James Madison elected President -
1809 – Tecumseh establishes union of Native Americans to resist westward movement of U.S. -
1811 – William Henry Harrison leads attack on Tecumseh at Battle of Tippecanoe (wins) War of 1812 (1812-1815) Congress declares war on Britain (issues – impressments, blockades, economy, Native Americans) Native Americans begin attacking U.S. settlers (weapons provided by Britain) Treat of Ghent ends War of 1812 Harford Convention – New England’s states threaten secession; Federalist Party is no more ‘Era of Good Feelings’ (one party politics) begins in the U.S. – U.S independence finally confirmed – Good relations with Britain begins (i.e. sharing of Oregon Territory) Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Expansion (1816-1827) -
Westward Expansion across North America – transportation revolution -
Sectional Tension between North and South increases over Slavery -
Major economic differences develop b/n North and South related to slavery -
1816 – Underground Railroad provides Northern escape for slaves -
1816 – James Monroe elected 5th President (reelected in 1820) -
1817 – Erie Canal – construction begins (connects Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean) -
1819 – McCulloch vs. Maryland – ruling confirms Congresses’ right to found the 2nd Bank of the United States -
1819 – Spain cedes Florida to the U.S. -
* 1820 – Missouri Compromise – sets dividing line between free and slaves states at latitude 36’30’ o
Above line (free), Below line (slave) -
1821 – Stephen F. Austin establishes first U.S. Settlement in Texas -
1823 – Monroe Doctrine – claims western hemisphere closed to European intervention (first major U.S. foreign diplomacy) -
1824 – Gibbons vs. Ogden – establishes federal control of interstate commerce -
1826 – Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on same day (50th anniversary of Dec. of Independence) Age of Jackson (1828-1849) -
1828 - Andrew Jackson elected 7th President -
Two party system fully emerges in U.S. politics for first time -
Indian Removal Act – authorizes forcible westward relocation of Native Americans -
Cyrus McCormick – invents mechanical reaper – transforms agriculture -
Ralph Waldo Emerson – transcendentalism (individualism) – Thoreau – Civil Disobedience -
Spoils System – giving government posistions to friends or colleagues (Andrew Jackson) -
Horace Mann – reforms in education -
Trail of Tears – Cherokee tribes sent on forced removal to Oklahoma, 4,000 die on way -
1841 – First Jim Crow Laws established (legal segregation) -
1845 – Manifest Destiny – U.S. destiny and duty to expand and conquer the west -
1847 – William Lloyd Garrison – wants immediate emancipation (he was white) Frederick Douglass – creates North Star abolitionist newspaper, writes Narratives of… -
1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – ends Mexican War, Mexico cedes Texas and all land north of the Rio Grande to U.S. (creates modern border of the U.S. with Gadsden Purchase) Antebellum Period (pre-civil war) (1850-1859) Compromise of 1850 – North gets California as free states, ban of sale of slaves in D.C. South gets stricter enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act, $10 mil to Texas 1852- Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska Act – repeals Missouri Compromise, popular sovereignty to determine slave/free states 1856 – “Bleeding Kansas” – John Brown leads antislavery massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, fight over slavery in Kansas 1857 – Dred Scott vs. Sanford – ruling effectively nullifies Missouri Compromise, declares that slaves are property – cannot sue. 1858 – Lincoln-Douglas Debates – Stephen Douglas wins Illinois Senate seat. Lincoln a household name 1859 – John Brown leads attack on arsenal at Harper’s Ferry; later captured and hanged The Civil War (1860-1865) 1860 – Abraham Lincoln elected 16th President; South Carolina secedes the Union = Civil War 1861 – Confederate States formed, Jefferson Davis – 1st and only President 1861 – Fort Sumter (S.C.) – confederates attack Union – war starts 1862 – Homestead Act – 160 acres to each farmer willing to cultivate land in West 1862 – Battle of Antietam – bloodiest battle of the Civil War 1862 – Battle of Gettysburg – turning point of Civil War; South never recovers 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation – frees slaves in only Confederate states; foreign diplomacy! 1864 – William Sherman – ‘March to Sea’ – Atlanta to Savannah – destroys everything! 1865 - 13th Amendment – abolishes slavery 1865 – Gen. Robert E. Lee (confederacy) surrenders at Appomattox Court House to Union Gen. Ulysses Grant 1865 – Abraham Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Andrew Johnson now President Reconstruction (1865-1877) 1865 – South establishes Black Codes – limits rights of freed blacks 1866 – Civil Rights Act of 1866 – grants citizenship to all people born in U.S. (14th Amendment) 1867 – Tenure of Office Act – used to impeach Andrew Johnson (said he had violated it) 1867 – U.S. purchase Alaska from Russia (becomes 49th state in 1959) 1869 – Transcontinental Railroad – connects the coasts of the United States; greatest transportation achievement 1870 – 15th Amendment – grants protection of voting rights to black males 1870 – Hiram Revels – first black senator – Mississippi 1871 – William “Boss” Tweed – greatest example of a political machine (NYC) 1873 – Slaughter House Cases – authority of state governments over individuals 1875 – Whiskey Ring Scandal – corruption in Grants administration & Republican party 1876 – Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse lead Sioux to crushing victory of General George Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone The Gilded Age (1878-1900) 1879 - Susan B. Anthony – gets women’s suffrage vote to Congress – leads to 19th Amendment 1879 – Thomas Edison creates the electric light 1881 – President James Garfield assassinated 1881 – Booker T. Washington – gradual approach to equal rights – prove yourself W.E.B Dubois – changes in civil rights now; founds the NAACP 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act – bans Chinese immigration for 10 years 1882 – John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Trust; Andrew Carnegie – Steel 1887 – Dawes Severalty Act – denies tribal rights, advances forced assimilation, opens lands to whites 1890 – Wounded Knee – Federal forces massacre 200 Sioux Indians 1890 – Sherman Antitrust Act – outlaws monopolies, price-fixing, other trade restraints 1891 – Populist Party – formed specifically to give farmers a voice in government 1895 – Yellow Journalism - journalism that features unethical or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or individual journalists. 1896 - **Plessy vs. Ferguson – ‘Separate but Equal’ is constitutional (overturned by Brown vs. Board of Education) 1898 – Grandfather Clause – voting rights of blacks challenged with literacy tests and poll taxes 1898 - Spanish-American War – Teddy Roosevelt leads Rough Riders, U.S. crushes Spain’s Navy 1898 – Treat of Paris – ends the Spanish-American War 1899 – Open Door Policy – U.S. attempt to gain foothold in Chinese markets Progressive Era – (1901-1914) 1901 – President McKinley assassinated, Teddy Roosevelt now 26th President 1904 – Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine – increases U.S. presence in Latin America 1906 – Muckraker – writers who expose big business corruption 1906 – Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection – set food quality standards 1906 – Panama Canal – connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (opens in 1914) 1908 – Henry Ford introduces the Model T car, assembly lines introduced 1913 – 16th Amendment – establishment of income tax, 17th Amend.– direct election of senators 1914 – World War I begins in Europe U.S. Involvement in World War I (1915-1919) Woodrow Wilson wins reelection on campaign of keeping U.S. neutral during war WWI – bloodiest war in world history to date, aka “The Great War”, “The War to End All Wars” 1915 – German U-Boat sinks British passenger liner Lusitania, Americans killed on board 1917 – Germany continues unrestricted submarine warfare – gets warning from U.S. 1917 – Zimmerman Telegram – intercepted by British, asks for Germany/Mexico alliance against U.S.; US. Enters WWI 1917 – Selective Service Act – establishes the draft 1918 – Fourteen Points – by Woodrow Wilson, 14th pt most important – calls for League of Nations 1919 – Treaty of Versailles – ends WWI; calls for heavy reparations on Germany, disarmament, and creation of League of Nations; U.S. Senate rejects it The Roaring Twenties (1920-1929) 1919 - 18th Amendment – outlaws purchase, sale, and transport of alcohol 1920 – 19th Amendment – women’s suffrage (right to vote) 1924 – Teapot Dome Scandal – exposes massive corruption in Harding Administration 1924 – Dawes Plan – ease war reparations on Germany 1925 – Scopes Monkey Trial – popularizes debate over teaching evolution in schools – outlawed 1927 – Charles Lindbergh – completes world’s first solo flight across Atlantic – seen as a hero 1927 – Sacco and Vanzetti – executed for murder; controversial because the were anarchists, politically motivated and unjustified 1929 – Stock Market Crash – ‘Black Tuesday’ – launches Great Depression Great Depression and New Deal (1930-1939)
o
AAA – controls crop production, compensates farmers for cooperation o
TVA – established to construct dams in Tennessee River to generate electricity o
NIRA – sets nationwide business practices o
NRA – manage industry recovery o
PWA – employ jobless
1935 – Wagner Act – supports union rights, protects collective bargaining 1935- Social Security Act – establishes funds for unemployed and elderly World War II – (1940-1945) *Germany (led by Adolf Hitler) invades Poland; WWII begins *U.S. attempts isolationism from war in Europe *December 7, 1941 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor – U.S. enters the War *Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan; Allied Powers – Britain, France, China, U.S., USSR *Battle of Stalingrad – seen as wars turning point for allied victory 1940 – FDR elected for unprecedented 3rd Term 1940 – Lend-Lease Act – provides U.S. loan aid to Britain, USSR & allied powers 1940 – Atlantic Charter – agreement b/n U.S President FDR and Britain Prime Minister Churchill 1941- Propaganda – motivate U.S. citizens to support war efforts 1942- Battle of Midway – U.S. defeats Japan, seen as turning point in the war in the Pacific 1942- Interment of Japanese Americans – imprisonment of Japanese in California 1942 – Manhattan Project – creation of the Atomic Bomb 1944 – Allies invade Normandy, France on D-DAY, June 6, 1944 (largest land/sea invasion) 1944- Battle of the Bulge – begins to break down Axis position on western front 1945 – Allies liberate Nazi concentration camps in Eastern Europe 1945- FDR dies, Harry Truman becomes President; Adolf Hitler commits suicide 1945 – Germany surrenders on V-E-DAY (victory in Europe day) 1945 – U.S. drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima (Aug. 6) and Nagasaki (Aug 9) – Japan surrenders 1945 – United Nations created with 51 founding nations 1945 – Nuremberg Trials – prosecute Nazi war criminals Baby Boom, Economic Prosperity, and the Cold War (1946-1960) * Soviet Union emerges as only major U.S. rival, creating intense, prolonged standoff between superpowers, known as the Cold War 1946 – “Iron Curtain” – describes division of Communist Eastern Europe from Western Europe 1947 – Truman Doctrine – U.S. intent to fight Communism by helping free nations resist it. 1947 – Marshal Plan – postwar economic recovery to help Western Europe; largest relief aid given by the U.S. in U.S. history 1948 – Berlin Blockade – USSR blocks all aid into West Berlin; Berlin Airlift – U.S. drops food and supplies by air to West Berlin 1948 – Harry Truman orders desegregation of military 1949 – NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) created – alliance system of 26 countries in North America and Europe 1950 – Korean war begins; U.S. aids South Korea against North Korea; Peace Treaty in 1953 1950 – Joseph McCarthy – begins rabid anti-communist campaign; hurt when he accuses military of having communists; alcoholic 1950 – Communist Fear in U.S. – Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for espionage; Alger Hiss convicted of perjury – 1991 Soviet documents confirm their guilt! 1954 - * Brown vs. Board of Education – overturns Plessy vs. Ferguson; says separate but equal is unconstitutional 1954 – “Containment”- (Truman) must stop spread of all communism; “Domino Theory” (Eisenhower) – fears that Indochina must not go communist or it will spread all over the world 1954- Geneva Peace Accords – temporally divides Vietnam at 17th parallel 1955 – Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat on bus to whites; sparks Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955 – Jonas Salk – creates polio vaccine 1957 – USSR launches first satellite in space – Sputnik 1960 – 1st televised Presidential debate – JFK vs. Nixon (JFK wins); JFK president 1960 1960 – JFK launches New Frontier platform to help America 1960 – Lunch Counter “Sit-Ins” spark waves of civil rights protest; SCLC created by MLK, Jr. Civil Rights, Nixon, and Vietnam (1961-1973) 1961 – Bay of Pigs – failed invasion of Cuba by U.S. (CIA) trained military 1961 – Berlin Wall – divides East and West Berlin (East was communist) 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis – standoff b/n U.S. and USSR after Soviets placed missiles in Cuba pointed at the United States; no fighting incurs 1963 – “I have a dream” speech given by MLK – speech for civil rights 1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald assassinates JFK in Dallas, TX 1963 – Lyndon Johnson President – launches “Great Society” program to end poverty and racism 1964 – Civil Rights Act of 1964 – bans discrimination in education, employment, & public places 1964 – Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – broadens LBJ’s military powers in Vietnam – no declare war 1965 – Voting Rights Act of 1965 – bans literacy tests for voting 1965 – Malcom X (Nation of Islam) – blamed whites for African American problems; assassinated 1966 – Miranda vs. Arizona- police must read suspects their rights 1967 – Thurgood Marshall – first black justice of the Supreme Court 1968 – Tet Offensive launched by North Vietnamese Army – turning point of U.S. in Vietnam 1968 – James Earl Ray assassinated MLK, Jr. – hurts Civil Rights movement 1968 – Sirhan Sirhan assassinated Robert Kennedy, JFK’s brother; Richard Nixon voted President 1969 – Apollo 11 lands on the moon, Neil Armstrong first to walk on moon 1969 – My Lai Massacre – U.S. soldiers kill 200 innocent men, women, and children 1971 – Pentagon Papers – 7,000 page document outlining U.S. government plan in Vietnam; shows gov’t was not telling truth to public. 1972 – Watergate Scandal – Nixon authorizes break-in and wiretapping of Democratic National Committee headquarters in Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. 1973 – Roe vs. Wade – legalizes abortion (up to 3 months) 1973 – U.S. Energy Crisis – fuel shortage in U.S. due to OPEC raising prices 1973 – U.S. withdraws from Vietnam; North Vietnam overtakes South after departure 1974 – Present Richard Nixon resigns to avoid impeachment; Gerald Ford President – pardons Nixon; Ford is only President never voted into office. 1976 – Jimmy Carter elected President 1978 – Camp David Accords – Carter negotiates peace between Egypt and Israel 1979 – Three Mile Island – nuclear power accident causes concern of nuclear safety 1980 – Ronald Reagan elected 40th President 1981 – Iran releases U.S. embassy hostages released after 444 days in captivity. 1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative (a.k.a. STAR WARS) – space based missile defense proposed 1986 – Space Shuttle Challenger explodes on takeoff, crew killed; space program never the same 1986 – U.S. bombs Libya for supporting Palestinians 1988 – Osama Bin Laden founds Islamist group Al Qaeda 1989 – Chinese government crushes pro-democracy revolt in Tiananmen Square 1989 – Berlin Wall falls (Reagan feels its U.S.’s greatest accomplishment of the era) 1990 – Saddam Hussein orders invasion of Kuwait; starts Operation Desert Storm 1992 – Bill Clinton President; appoints Janet Reno first female attorney general Directory: UserFiles -> Servers -> Server 3844624 -> File -> Teachers%20Documents -> Jill%20Knight -> APUSH Servers -> Unit Vocabulary Servers -> The causes of the american civil war Servers -> Sample Five Paragraph Thematic Essay on Of Mice and Men Share with your friends:
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