Unit 2 – European Exploration and Settlement Section 3 – The Spanish Borderlands I riches

1. 
   Mexico and Peru
   

1. 
   more riches than EVER imagined
   
2. 
   thought this would be everywhere in these “new lands”
   
3. 
   pushed into North America
   
4. 
   U.S. Spanish empire borders = called Spanish Borderlands
   

2. 
   Florida
   

13) died from a poisoned arrow in his stomach

3. 
   The “Seven Cities of Cíbola”
   

1. 
   another legend = sparked new Spanish expeditions into North America
   
2. 
   tale told of the “Seven Cities of Cíbola” (SEE-buh-luh)
   
3. 
   said to be so fabulously rich that the streets and houses were decorated with gold and jewels
   
4. 
   Indians told similar tales
   
5. 
   Spanish heard = convinced the cities were somewhere in North America
   
6. 
   first looked in FL and present day TX
   
7. 
   plenty of adventure = NO gold cities
   
8. 
   Marcos de Niza = Spanish priest = claimed to have seen a shimmering golden city in what is now New Mexico
   
9. 
   raced back to Mexico City with the news
   

4. 
   The Coronado Expedition
   

1. 
   1540 = conquistador = Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (VAHS-kehz day kohr-uh-NAH-doh)
   
2. 
   set out from Mexico City
   
3. 
   large expedition
   
4. 
   de Niza as his guide
   
5. 
   GOAL/MISSION: find the legendary golden cities
   
6. 
   traveled more than 7,000 miles
   
7. 
   found an American Indian pueblo
   

27. 
    a village of apartment-like buildings made of stone and adobe
    
28. 
    four - five stories high
    
29. 
    de Niza = thought it was made of gold
    
30. 
    Coronado: thought it was a crowded little village . . . crumpled all up together
    
31. 
    got mad and sent the priest back to Mexico City
    

8. 
   expedition continued north onto the Great Plains
   
9. 
   then gave up the search for golden cities
   
10. 
    Coronado reported to Spain, “Everything is the reverse of what he said, except the name of the cities and the large stone houses . . . The Seven Cities are seven little villages.”
    

1. 
   1600s = Spanish Lands
   

1. 
   new territories claimed for Spain
   
2. 
   Florida west across present-day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California
   
3. 
   not a lot of settlement at first
   
4. 
   rival European nations = now interested
   
5. 
   small bands of soldiers = sent to these regions to protect the claims
   
6. 
   soldiers lived in walled forts = presidios (preh-SEE-dee-ohs)
   

7. 
   Catholic missionaries (religious people – priests – persuade ppl to convert (change) to another religion
   
8. 
   accompanied the soldiers to the borderlands
   
9. 
   built settlements (missions)
   

27. 
    taught local Indians new skills
    
28. 
    preached the Christian faith
    
29. 
    each mission grew its own food and produced products needed to survive
    
30. 
    FAR from towns and trading centers
    
31. 
    at first = Pueblo Indians in New Mexico welcomed them
    
32. 
    Spanish NOT nice
    
33. 
    Nat. Ams = made to work for settlers as slaves
    
34. 
    whipped religious leaders who wouldn’t change to Christainity
    
35. 
    Pueblo ppl revolted (rose up) and drove the Spanish out of NM for 12 yrs
    

2. 
   1600 – 1700s
   

1. 
   settlement of the Spanish borderlands = slow
   
2. 
   in time = Spanish language, religion, and culture spread across the American Southwest
   

3. 
   Impact on American Indians
   

1. 
   Spanish settlers = great impact on the natives of the borderlands
   
2. 
   EX: Pueblo people = learned to use new tools, grow new foods, and raise sheep for wool
   
3. 
   Nat. Ams = introduced Spanish to new techniques (ways) of growing crops in the desert soil
   
4. 
   MANY Nat. Ams = converted to the Catholic faith
   
5. 
   often lived and worked in and around the missions (grew crops)
   
6. 
   helped maintain the churches and other buildings
   
7. 
   however = many practiced BOTH religions
   
8. 
   BAD = diseases spread = no resistance.
   

27. 
    smallpox, measles, and influenza = wiped out entire villages
    
28. 
    before Coronado’s expedition = over 100 thriving Indian pueblos in New Mexico
    
29. 
    by 1700 = only 19 remained (left)
    

1. 
   Describe how Spain established territorial claims in North America. Include these terms in your answer: Ponce de León, Francisco Coronado, pueblos.
   
2. 
   Describe what life was like in a typical Spanish settlement in North America. Include these terms in your answer: presidio and mission.
   
3. 
   Describe the relationship that existed between the Spanish and the American Indians living in North America.
   

1. 
   Sp. Colonies sent ships loaded with gold and silver home to Spain
   
2. 
   other Europeans were jealous
   
3. 
   Spain became wealthier and more powerful
   
4. 
   other nations wanted their share of riches from the Americas
   
5. 
   none strong enough to challenge Spain’s American empire
   
6. 
   would have to seek their fortunes in areas not yet claimed by Spain
   

1. 
   1534 = France sent Jacques Cartier (zhahk cahr-TYAY) to explore the Atlantic coastline of North America
   

1. 
   GOAL/MISSION: find a Northwest Passage = an all-water route through the North American continent to the Pacific Ocean
   
2. 
   this would provide a shortcut for ships sailing west to Asia
   
3. 
   Cartier failed
   
4. 
   did claim for France the land we know today as Canada
   

27. 
    named this land New France
    
28. 
    discovered something almost as valuable as Spanish gold = beaver fur
    

27. 
    built a trading post = Quebec (kwuh-BEK or ku-BEK)
    

trappers

1. 
   called themselves coureurs de bois (kuh-RUR duh BWAH)
   
2. 
   “wood rangers” in French
   
3. 
   Catholic missionaries followed the trappers to seek converts among the native peoples
   

1. 
   Business Partners
   

1. 
   French = more interested in furs than farming
   
2. 
   DID NOT try to conquer the Indians and put them to work as the Spanish had done
   
3. 
   French made American Indians their business partners
   

2. 
   Champlain
   

1. 
   after founding Quebec = made friends with the nearby Indians = especially the Huron
   

27. 
    fur trappers lived in Huron villages
    
28. 
    learned the Huron language
    
29. 
    married Huron women
    
30. 
    French learned how to survive for months in the wilderness from the Huron
    
31. 
    BUT = this exposed the Huron to European diseases
    

1. 
   swept through their villages
   
2. 
   killed many of them
   

3. 
   Iroquois
   

1. 
   Champlain even joined the Huron in an attack on their enemy= Iroquois
   
2. 
   shot guns at them = they had never seen guns
   
3. 
   they fled
   
4. 
   now HATED the French
   

4. 
   Claiming Louisiana
   

1. 
   fur trapping = led French inland fr Quebec
   
2. 
   1673 = two explorers, Father Marquette (mahr-KET) and Louis Joliet (zhal-YAY) = explored the great Mississippi River
   

27. 
    hoped this waterway would be the long-sought Northwest Passage
    
28. 
    NO
    
29. 
    river actually flowed south toward the Gulf of Mexico instead of west to the Pacific Ocean
    
30. 
    disappointed explorers = returned to New France
    

3. 
   9 yrs later = Robert Cavelier de La Salle = explored the entire length of the Mississippi River
   

27. 
    April 9, 1682 = planted a French flag at the mouth of the river
    
28. 
    claimed everything west of the Mississippi River for France
    
29. 
    named this vast area Louisiana for the French monarch, King Louis XIV
    

1. 
   Describe how France established territorial claims in North America. Include these terms in your answer: Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain, Robert de La Salle.
   
2. 
   Describe what life was like in a typical French settlement in North America. Include this term in your answer: couriers de bois.
   
3. 
   Describe the relationship that existed between the French and the American Indians living in North America.