Goals – Standard SSUSH18
EQ #3 – How did Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the Great Depression, have an impact on American Society?
EQ #4 – Under the New Deal, how did the various governmental programs aide those in need?
Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a works program and as an effort to control the environment.
Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism.
Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as a part of the second New Deal.
Identify Eleanor Roosevelt as a symbol of social progress and women’s activism.
Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “court packing bill,” and the Neutrality Act.
Goals of the New Deal
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and ______________, the First Lady, knew that restoring a sense of hope and building ________________ were essential to calming panic and creating support for the President’s plans.
FDR promised “a new deal for the American people,” but he did not have a sure plan for it. The term _________ came to refer to the relief, recovery, and reform programs of FDR’s administration that were aimed at combating the ______________________
In the first _____________ days of his presidency, Roosevelt pushed many programs through Congress to provide relief, create jobs, and stimulate the economy.
Area’s of Reform
The ___________________________ (FHA) worked to improve housing standards and conditions, and insure mortgages.
The ______________________ (AAA) raised farm prices through subsidies. They paid farmers not to raise certain crops and livestock, hoping that lower production would cause prices to rise.
The _____________________________ (TVA) provided jobs, hydroelectric power, flood control, and recreational opportunities to farmers in the underdeveloped Tennessee Valley.
The ______________________ included more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, stronger support for unions, and higher taxes on the rich.
New agencies attacked unemployment. The ___________________ (WPA) employed more than 8 million workers, building or improving playgrounds, schools, hospitals, and airfields. It supported the creative work of
________________ and ______________.
In July 1935, Congress passed the ________________________, called the Wagner Act, which legalized such union practices as _________________and closed shops. Closed shops are workplaces open only to ____________________________.
Congress also passed the _______________. This act established the Social Security system to provide financial security for people who could not support themselves. The three types of ___________ were:
Aid for __________________, the ________, and the _______________
1936 Election
FDR won a landslide victory over Republican candidate ______________________.
FDR carried every state except ____________ and ___________, winning ______________ in the electoral college.
FDR’s victory showed that most Americans supported the ____
Criticism of the New Deal
Some historians and economists believe that the __________ did not achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of _____________. They argue that New Deal programs hindered ______________ progress and threatened America’s _____________ in _______________. They also charge that the programs created a bloated and powerful _________________ and encouraged inefficient use of resources.
Modern critics also attack the policy of ________________ not to plant. In a time of hunger, the program wasted precious resources. Farm production quotas ______________ efficient and _______________ farmers equally, while the free market would have weeded out inefficiency and rewarded productivity.
Finally, the New Deal receives criticism from people who oppose ____________________–paying out more money from the annual federal budget than the government receives in revenues.
Court Packing
Roosevelt received criticism not only for his programs, but for his actions. None aroused more suspicion than his attempt to ____________ the Supreme court.
Roosevelt, in an effort to gain more support in the ___________________, proposed a major court-reform bill. He recommended that ___________ allow him to add six additional Supreme Court _____________, one for every justice over _____ years old. His argument was that this would _____________ the case load for aging justices. His real intention, however, was to “pack” the Court with judges supportive of the __________________.
In the end, FDR still wound up with a Court that _________ to side with him. Some of the __________________ retired and Roosevelt was able to appoint justices who favored the New Deal. However, he also suffered _____________. Many ___________ and ____________ Democrats united against New Deal legislation. This alliance remained a force for years to come.
Industrial Unions
The passage of the ____________, in 1935, legalized collective ______________- and led to an era of strikes. Many work stoppages took the form of ______________ strikes, in which laborers stop working, but refuse to leave the building and supporters set up picket lines outside. Together the strikers and the _____________ prevent the company from bringing in ___________, or non-union substitute workers. These tactics, although not always successful, proved quite powerful. In 1939, the ____________ outlawed the sit-down strike as being too potent a weapon and an obstacle to negotiation.
Lasting effects of the New Deal
People accepted _________________ in their lives. Workers demanded more changes in the workplace. The New Deal also left a _______________ legacy with monuments that dot the American landscape.
Many New Deal __________, ___________, ________, public buildings, and ___________ exist to this day. Some federal agencies such as the _____________________ and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation have also endured.
The _________________ system has gone through some changes, but is a part of the lives of all Americans.
Perhaps the New Deal’s greatest achievement was to restore a sense of ______________ to the nation.
