The Mongol Empire

Date ___++________________ Pd ________

A. List 3 facts about the Mongols from the reading:

1.

2.

3.

1. The Mongols lived in the harsh climate of the Eurasian ____________________, an area with little rain & extreme temperatures

a. Mongol life centered on ____________________________ animals, especially ________________________

b. Mongols lived as nomadic ___________________, constantly searching for better _____________________________ lands

2. As a result of their lifestyle, the Mongols were tough _________________________ who occasionally raided nearby settlements

C. Genghis Khan & the Mongol Empire

1. From 1200 to 1206, a clan leader named _______________________________________________ unified the Mongols

2. Genghis Khan built a powerful Mongol __________________ & began a 21-year _______________________________ of Eurasia

3. Under Genghis & later khans, the Mongols conquered…Central Asia, ____________, Korea, Russia, the ______________ Empire

D. How did the Mongols create this massive empire?

1. Mongol soldiers were excellent _____________________; Used the horse _____________________ to shoot arrows while riding

2. Genghis was a brilliant military organizer & strategist, but his greatest tactic was ____________________ & _________________

a. If an enemy refused to _______________________, Genghis would order the _________________ of the entire population

b. As the Mongol ___________________________ spread, many towns surrendered to Genghis without a ________________

A. Mongol Rule

1. The Mongols were _______________________ in battle, but ________________________ as rulers

2. Mongol __________________ (rulers) often ___________________________ parts of the culture of the people they conquered

a. In the West, Mongols converted to ______________________

b. In the East, Mongols embraced __________________________ culture

B. The Pax Mongolica

1. Mongol khans brought _________________________ & order to Eurasia

2. The era from the mid-1200s to the mid-1300s is called the __________________________________________ (“Mongol Peace”)

3. During the Pax Mongolica, the Mongols guaranteed ____________ passage across the __________________________________

4. As a result, _______________ & __________________________________________________ increased between Europe & Asia

a. Chinese technologies like _________________________ & the magnetic ____________________________ reached Europe

b. But diseases like the ________________________ (Black Death) reached Europe too

C. After the _______________ of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was ___________________ into 4 major _____________________ each ruled by a son or grandson of Genghis

1. The khanate in _______________________ helped control the Silk Road

2. The Mongol destruction of _______________ increased the importance of ________________________ in Russia

3. The Mongols were the first ______________________________________________ to rule over the Islamic Empire

4. But the most significant khanate was the Mongol rule over ______________________

D. Kublai Khan & the Yuan Dynasty in China

1. In 1279, Genghis’ grandson _____________________________________________ became the first foreign leader to rule China

2. Kublai Khan began a new era in China called the _____________________ Dynasty

a. Kublai enjoyed Chinese _____________________ so much that he moved the Mongolian _____________________ to China

b. But, he _________________________ the Chinese from serving in high gov’t offices & relied on _______________________ to serve in his government

3. Kublai proved to be a __________________ emperor for China

a. Under Kublai, ___________________________________________ with China increased due to the Pax Mongolica

b. He built _________________ & extended the _______________________________ to help improve transportation in China

E. In 1275, a European merchant named _______________________________________ visited Kublai Khan’s court

1. Kublai was so impressed with Marco Polo that he _____________________________ him in the Yuan gov’t for _________ years

2. When Marco Polo returned to _____________________ in 1792, his stories of ________________________ increased European demand for ____________________________________

III. The Decline & Fall of the Mongol Empire

A. By the time of Kublai’s ___________________ in 1294, the entire Mongol Empire was growing ______________________

1. In 1330, the Mongols lost control of _______________________________

2. In 1368, the _____________________________ overthrew the Mongols & started the ___________________ Dynasty

3. In 1370, the Mongols lost control of ____________________________________

4. In 1480, under __________________ Russia gained independence from Mongol rule & started the _________________ Dynasty

Insert Marco Polo reading from Patterns of Interaction here?

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