The Cold War 1945-1991

Date ___________________ Pd __________

A. The United Nations was created which replaced the League of Nations

B. The UN created a Jewish nation called Israel which set off a series of wars with Arabs in the Middle East

C. The United States occupied & helped rebuild Japan

D. The end of the war inspired independence throughout Africa & Asia, called decolonization

II. The Beginning of the Cold War

A. One of the most important changes after World War II was the beginning of the ________________________________

1. From 1945 to 1991, the _______________________________ & ___________________________________ entered an era of distrust & hostility known as the Cold War

2. The United States & Soviet Union were _______________________________ & rivals who dominated world politics

B. Cold War Ideologies

United States	Letter?	Soviet Union	Letter?
Capitalism Private ownership of industry, freedom of competition, gov’t keeps hands off (laissez-faire) Leads to different economic classes (rich and poor)		Socialism Gov’t owns industries and farms; The goal of the gov’t is to bring equality to people The goal is to have a classless society with no rich or poor
Democracy Government of the people People elect their leaders		Totalitarianism Government led by a dictator Total control over many aspects of peoples’ lives
Freedom Valuing freedoms of speech, press, and business		Equality Valuing basic needs (food, homes jobs) for all people
Individualism People need to do things on their own Competition is a good thing; The best individuals have more power, status, money		Collectivism People need to work together to benefit everyone Everyone works the same amount and every gains the same benefits

1. This was an era of competing ideologies: the USA promoted ______________________ & _____________________ while the USSR tried to spread ________________________________

2. The different ideologies between USA & USSR and their desires to ____________________________________ led to an era of _______________________, hostility, proxy battles, & near ______________________________________

C. Causes of the Cold War

1. In 1917, _________________ led the ___________________________________ in the Russian Revolution & created the world’s first communist gov’t

2. Distrust began when the USA sent troops to fight the “__________________________” during the Russian Civil War

3. After Lenin’s death in 1924, ____________________________ became ____________________ of the Soviet Union

4. During WWII, the USA & USSR worked together to defeat the _____________________________, but…World War II increased _______________________ between the USA and USSR

a. Stalin never ________________________ the Britain or the USA during World War II

b. The __________________________________________ gave the USA a monopoly on nuclear weapon technology

A. Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe

1. At the ________________ Conference, Stalin agreed to allow ____________________________________________ in Eastern Europe

2. But, Stalin wanted a “_________________________________” between the USSR & the ______________________ nations in Western Europe

3. Stalin used his military to install _________________________ gov’ts in _____________________ European nations

4. As a result, Eastern European nations turned communist & became _______________________________________: nations that were ________________________________ by the USSR

5. In the years after World War II, the USA began to view Stalin as a new ___________________—a dangerous dictator who wanted to _______________________________ the world

B. By 1946, Europe was divided by an “____________________________________” that separated democratic/capitalist Western Europe from _________________________________/_______________________________ Eastern Europe

C. The U.S. created a foreign policy called _____________________________________________ to stop Soviet influence & the ___________________________________________________________

1. Truman Doctrine

a. When the USSR began to pressure _______________________ & ______________________ to turn communist, the U.S. created the _____________________________________, promising economic & __________________ help to any nation threatened by communism

b. The Truman Doctrine __________________ & neither Greece nor Turkey fell to communism

2. Marshall Plan

a. European nations had difficulty _____________________ after WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe

b. The U.S. created the ___________________________________________ which offered $_______ billion to help ___________________________ post-war Europe

c. By 1952, Western Europe _______________________________ & Communism never took root

3. NATO

a. In 1948, the USSR used _________________________________________ to turn Czechoslovakia to communism; This led to fears that Stalin would use similar tactics in ________________________ Europe

4. Berlin Airlift

a. At the end of WWII, Germany was _______________ into zones occupied by the USA, Britain, France, & the USSR

b. ________________, the German capital, was also divided but was located in the __________________________

c. In 1948, Stalin tried to turn all of Berlin communist & ordered the _______________________________________ which ___________________________ all ground transportation to West Berlin

d. In response, the U.S. began the ________________________________________

i. For _______ months, U.S. & British ________________ supplies landed in Berlin to bring food, fuel, & supplies

ii. Stalin admitted defeat & lifted the ________________________ in 1949

iii. The United States _________________________________________ kept West Berlin from turning communist

D. The Cold War Expands

1. From 1945 to 1949, the United States successfully _____________________________________________ in Europe

2. But over the next 40 years, the Cold War ___________________________ as communism spread to ____________, Africa, and Latin America