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Backup power costs significantly increase prices and their cost evidence doesn’t factor this in – it only looks at generation costs
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- LCOE = levelized cost of electricity
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Backup power costs significantly increase prices and their cost evidence doesn’t factor this in – it only looks at generation costsBedzak, 12 - president of Management Information Services Inc (Rocger, PUBLIC UTILITIES FORTNIGHTLY, “Not-So-Green Superhighway; Unforeseen consequences of dedicated renewable energy transmission” February, lexis) LCOE = levelized cost of electricity Deriving accurate, comparable LCOE estimates for RE is difficult, and it might not even be possible to meaningfully compare the LCOEs of dispatchable and non-dispatchable energy sources. Renewables suffer from problems of low and highly variable capacity factors, intermittency, unreliability, need for storage and backup, requirements for expanded transmission, and reliance on government subsidies and government-mandated utility quotas.¶ For example, while coal plants can have capacity factors above 85 percent, the estimated capacity factor the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses for wind is 34 percent. EIA assumes 31 percent for ST and 22 percent for PV. In its RES study, JP Morgan used slightly lower capacity factors: 30 percent for wind, 30 percent for ST, and 20 percent for PV. While these might be reasonable as national averages, they also might be somewhat high. n13 An accurate LCOE for RE must take into account these low capacity factors, but even such an adjustment might not fully account for the fact that few renewable resources actually might be available when they're needed most. n14¶ EIA's levelized cost estimates for RE use a 31 percent capacity factor for wind, 31 percent for ST, and 22 percent for PV. n15 However, if actual capacity factors are lower than this, these LCOE estimates have to be increased.¶ Further, it isn't clear how backup power costs should be incorporated into RE LCOE estimates. Given the fact that many RE technologies are variable and non-dispatchable, near 100 percent backup might be required--as it is in Germany. n16 Further, given that RE resources might not be reliably available when they're needed most, 24x7 spinning reserve or dedicated, firm demand response resources often might be required. This need for backup translates into a large RE premium--paying once for the RE system and again for either load-shedding capabilities or fossil fuel systems, which must be kept continually running at a low level to be able to quickly ramp up when needed. Thus, the total cost of such a system should include the cost of the RE system and the cost of the backup power system. n17 Directory: download -> Michigan -> Allen-Pappas+Neg Michigan -> The interest convergence framework is offense against their movements claims at all levels of analysis—the Black Panthers proves. Delgado ’02 Michigan -> Interpretation – Financial incentives must be positively linked to rewards – they cannot be negative Harris, 89 Michigan -> R8 neg v michigan state cz 1nc Michigan -> Doubles—Neg vs Wake lw 1NC Michigan -> Round 1—Neg vs nyu gz 1NC Michigan -> Indefinite detention means holding enemy combatants until the cessation of hostilities – authority for it is codified in the ndaa Michigan -> Round 2 v. Wake 1nc Michigan -> Global nuclear expansion now – dozens of countries Allen-Pappas+Neg -> Michigan ap – nu 2013 r1 neg v concordia nw Allen-Pappas+Neg -> Michigan ap wake forest 2012 neg speeches round 2 neg v george washington bs 1nc Off Download 0.5 Mb. Share with your friends:
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