Social Studies: Grade 6
Canada: A Country of Change (1867 to Present)
Grade Overview
GRADE 6 students focus on people and events in Canada from Confederation to the present. They explore the changing character of this country as they examine territorial expansion, the role of immigration, and the evolving relationships between First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples and the Canadian government. Students learn about democratic processes and study the emergence of Canada as a culturally diverse, bilingual, and democratic society. They focus on Canadian questions regarding the environment, citizenship, identity, and diversity. Students also consider contemporary world events that have shaped Canadian society. As they explore Canada’s past and present, they enhance their awareness of democratic ideals and their understanding of Canadian citizenship.
Prioritized Specific Outcomes
Cluster 1: Building a Nation
Cluster 1: Building a Nation (1867 to 1914)
Students examine life in post-Confederation Canada. They explore the expansion of Canada through the addition of new provinces and territories, including the influence of individuals and events of this time. Students focus on the entry of Manitoba into Confederation, establishment of treaties and reserves, building of railroads, role of the North West Mounted Police, the 1885 Northwest Resistance, and the gold rushes. Students consider the impact of immigration and hardships faced by new settlers. They also study cultural diversity, including the evolving relationships between First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples and the Canadian government, and relationships between anglophones and francophones.
6.1.1 A New Nation
Enduring Education: Students review the 1867 map of Canada and consider what government and citizenship were like in the new nation as compared to today.
6-VC-001 Appreciate the rights afforded by Canadian citizenship.
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6-KC-002 Compare responsibilities and rights of citizens of Canada at the time of Confederation to those of today. Include: Aboriginal peoples, francophones, women.
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6-KC-001 Explain the significance of the British North America Act. Examples: federal system of government, constitutional monarchy, British-style parliament...
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6-KL-022 Locate on a map of Canada the major landforms and bodies of water.
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6-KL-023 Locate on a map the major settlements of Rupert’s Land and the original provinces of Canada in 1867.
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6.1.2 Manitoba Enters Confederation
Enduring Education: Manitoba, initially formed as a provisional government of the people in the Red River Settlement under Louis Riel, negotiated to enter Confederation as a province in 1870.
6-KH-033 Identify factors leading to the entry into Confederation of Manitoba, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nunavut, and specify the year of entry.
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6-KH-027 Identify individuals and events connected with Manitoba’s entry into Confederation. Include: Louis Riel, Red River Resistance, Métis Bill of Rights, provisional government.
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6-VH-012 Value the diverse stories and perspectives that comprise the history of Canada.
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6-KH-027F Identify the roles of Father Noël-Joseph Ritchot and Archbishop Alexandre-Antonin Taché in Manitoba’s entry into Confederation.
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6.1.3 A mari usque ad mare [Sea to Sea]
Enduring Education: John A. Macdonald’s dream of a country extending from sea to sea, joined by a railway, shaped Canada’s expansion and continues to influence our vision of Canada.
6-KH-031 Identify events and issues related to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Examples: workers and working conditions, Chinese labourers, construction difficulties, mapping Canada...
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6-KH-029 Describe the role of the North West Mounted Police.
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6-KH-030 Relate stories about the gold rushes and describe the impact of the gold rushes on individuals and communities.
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6-KH-033 Identify factors leading to the entry into Confederation of Manitoba, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nunavut, and specify the year of entry.
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6-KH-034 Identify the prime ministers of Canada from 1867 to 1914 and give examples of their Achievements.
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6.1.4 Aboriginal Peoples and the Growing Nation of Canada
Enduring Education: As Canada expanded and colonized farther west and north, Aboriginal peoples were displaced and their ways of life were disrupted and transformed.
6-KI-007 Give reasons for the establishment of treaties and reserves and describe their impact on individuals, families, and communities. Examples: indigenous rights, no right to vote, permission needed to leave a reserve...
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6-KH-028 Identify causes, events, individuals, and consequences of the 1885 Resistance. Examples: Fraser River, Cariboo, Klondike...
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6-KH-032 Identify contributions of Aboriginal leaders from 1867 to 1914. Examples: Gabriel Dumont, Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear), Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker), Isapomuxika (Crowfoot)...
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6.1.5. Immigration
Enduring Education: Canadian society was radically transformed by the arrival of large numbers of immigrants of various ethnic groups in western Canada in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
6-KI-009 Describe ways in which immigration was encouraged by and important to the Canadian government from 1867 to 1914.
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6-KI-010 Describe various challenges faced by new immigrants to Canada. Examples: language, climate and environment, differing laws and customs, discrimination, physical and cultural isolation...
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6-VI-005 Appreciate the importance of immigration in the development of Canada.
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6-KI-008 Identify various groups that immigrated to Canada in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and give reasons for their emigration. Examples: African-Americans, Asians, British, Central and Eastern Europeans, Icelanders...
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6-KH-034 Identify the prime ministers of Canada from 1867 to 1914 and give examples of their Achievements.
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6.1.6. Farming the Land
Enduring Education: Agriculture has played an important role in Canadian history and has defined the experiences and ways of life of many Canadians.
6-VE-018 Appreciate the importance of agriculture in the development of Canada.
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6-VL-010 Appreciate the efforts of people in early Canada to overcome environmental hardships.
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6-KE-055 Explain the importance of agriculture in the development of Canada from 1867 to 1914.
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6-KI-011 Describe daily life on a prairie homestead between 1890 and 1914. Examples: survey system, role of women, challenges facing early settlers, education...
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Cluster 2: An Emerging Nation (1914-1945)
Cluster 2: An Emerging Nation (1914 to 1945)
Students examine Canada as a newly emerging nation. This study includes a focus on the Winnipeg General Strike, the Depression, the causes and events of the two World Wars, and Canada’s involvement in these wars. Students explore social, political, and economic changes that occurred during this period, such as women’s suffrage, urbanization, and technological developments.
6.2.1. World War I
Enduring Education: International competition for power and military strength among European empires led to World War I, in which Canada was involved as both an ally and colony of Great Britain.
6-KG-039 Identify major causes and events of the First World War.
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6-KG-040 Describe Canada’s involvement in the First World War and identify its impact on Canadian individuals and communities. Include: internment of ethnocultural groups.
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6-KC-003 Recognize Remembrance Day as a commemoration of Canadian participation in world conflicts.
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6-KH-036 Identify the prime ministers of Canada from 1914 to 1945 and give examples of their achievements.
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6.2.2 Social Change
Enduring Education: Living conditions, work, gender roles, and politics in Canada were all transformed as a result of technological, economic, and social change in the first half of the 20th century.
6-KH-035 Describe the causes, main events, and results of the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike.
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6-VH-013 Appreciate the struggles of past generations in achieving the rights that people in Canada enjoy today.
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6-KE-057 Give examples of the impact of technological development on life in Canada from 1914 to 1945.
Examples: electricity, telecommunication, transportation, medicine, industrialization...
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6-VI-006 Value the contributions of various groups to the development of Canada. Examples: suffragettes, trade unions...
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6-KH-037 Describe changing roles for women in Canada from 1914 to 1945.
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6-KP-046 Describe the struggle for and identify individuals involved in women’s suffrage in Manitoba and Canada. Include: Famous Five (Emily Murphy, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Louise McKinney,
Nellie McClung, and Irene Parlby).
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6.2.3 Depression
Enduring Education: The Great Depression (1929–1939) was a worldwide economic crisis where many people faced debt, poverty, and unemployment.
6-KE-056 Relate stories of the Depression and describe its impact on Canada. Examples: changes in agricultural practices, development of the social safety net, new political parties...
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6-KL-024 Give examples of the influence of the natural environment on daily life for various groups during the Depression.
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6-KH-036 Identify the prime ministers of Canada from 1914 to 1945 and give examples of their
achievements.
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6.2.4 World War II
Enduring Education: The events of the Second World War permanently transformed international relations and obliged people in all countries of the world to change their ways of thinking about war, peace, and human rights.
6-KG-041 Identify major causes and events of the Second World War.
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6-KG-042 Describe Canada’s involvement in the Second World War and identify its impact on Canadian
individuals and communities. Include: internment of ethnocultural groups; the Holocaust.
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6-VG-014 Appreciate the sacrifices that soldiers and other Canadians made during the World Wars.
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6-KI-012 Identify contributions of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples to Canada’s war efforts.
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6-KH-036 Identify the prime ministers of Canada from 1914 to 1945 and give examples of their
achievements.
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Cluster 3: Shaping Contemporary Canada (1945 to Present)
Cluster 3: Shaping Contemporary Canada (1945 to Present)
Students explore factors that have shaped contemporary Canadian life. This study includes a focus on the impact of global events and forces, Canadian involvement in international organizations and world conflicts, and the impact of technological and industrial advancements. Students also study developments regarding Aboriginal rights and the evolution of Canada as a bilingual and multicultural nation.
6.3.1. Overview of Contemporary Canada
Enduring Education: Canada is a vast and evolving landscape.
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6-KL-025 Locate on a map of Canada the provinces, territories, and capital cities.
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6-KH-038 Identify the prime ministers of Canada from 1945 to the present and give examples of their
achievements.
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6.3.2. A Changing and Diverse Population
Enduring Education: The history of Canada is shared by many people, including Aboriginal peoples, French- and English-speaking peoples, and a rapidly changing and culturally diverse population.
6-VI-008 Demonstrate respect for people of all cultures.
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6-KI-013 Identify historical reasons for bilingual and multicultural policies in Canada.
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6-VI-007 Value the cultural and linguistic diversity of the Canadian community.
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6-KI-014 Identify changes and developments regarding Aboriginal rights in Canada from 1867 to the present. Examples: suffrage, changes to Status and entitlement, self-governance, land claims, new treaties...
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6-KI-015 Give examples of changes to francophone populations in Canada since Confederation. Examples: characteristics, distribution...
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6-VI-007A Value their First Nation, Inuit, or Métis language, heritage, and culture.
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6-VI-007F Value the French language and their francophone heritage and culture.
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6-KI-013F Describe the impact of the Affaire Forest on the linguistic rights of Franco-Manitobans.
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6-KI-015F Identify events surrounding the creation of the Division scolaire franco-manitobaine (DSFM). Examples: Manitoba Schools Question, Bill 113, Article 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Mahé Ruling, the Manitoba Referral...
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6.3.3 A Modern Industrialized Nation
Enduring Education: The 20th century has seen Canada take its place among the most technologically developed and highly industrialized nations of the world.
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6-KE-058 Give examples of ways in which industry and technology have changed life in Canada since 1945.Examples: urbanization, transportation, communication, education...
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6-KE-059 Give examples of inventions and technologies created in Canada. Examples: kayaks, snowmobiles, Canadarm, insulin, canola...
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6.3.4 Canada on the World Stage
Enduring Education: Canada, although a middle power in the world, has played an important role in international events, agreements, conflicts, and cooperation in the 20th century.
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6-KG-043 Give examples of Canada’s involvement in world conflicts since 1945. Examples: Korean War, Cold War, Gulf War, Bosnia, Afghanistan, international peacekeeping...
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6-KG-044 Give examples of global events and forces that have affected Canadians from 1945 to the present. Examples: international cooperation, relief efforts, disease, environmental changes, famine, refugee movement...
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6-KG-045 Give examples of Canada’s participation in the United Nations and other international organizations. Examples: the Commonwealth, La Francophonie, Organization of American States...
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Cluster 4: Canada Today: Democracy, Diversity, and the Influence of the Past
6.4.1 Expressions of Canadian Identity
Enduring Education: Canada’s distinctive cultural and geographic characteristics are richly expressed in Canadian arts and media.
6-KI-017 Describe characteristics that define Canada as a country. Examples: multicultural, bilingual, northern...
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6-KI-018 Give examples of ways in which the government helps protect Canadian identity. Examples: Canadian content rules in the media; support for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the arts...
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6-KL-026 Describe the influence of the natural environment on life in Canada.
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6-VL-011 Value the natural environment.
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6-VI-009 Appreciate the arts as important expressions of culture and identity.
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6-KI-019 Give examples from the arts and media that are expressions of Canadian culture and/or identity.
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6-KL-026A Describe the influence of the land on their First Nation, Inuit, or Métis identity. Examples: values, beliefs, traditions, customs, art, clothing...
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6-VL-011A Respect the spiritual dimension of nature.
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6.4.2 Government in Canada
Enduring Education: Canada’s federal system of parliamentary democracy, responsible to the people, is designed to ensure fair and open citizen participation at all levels of government.
6-VP-016 Respect authority when it is consistent with democratic ideals.
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6-KP-049 Describe the main features of the Canadian government. Include: parliamentary system, federal democracy.
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6-KP-052 Identify the main responsibilities of municipal, provincial, First Nations, and federal governments in Canada.
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6-KP-051 Describe characteristics of the electoral processes in Canada.
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6-KP-050 Define the term political party and identify political parties and their leaders in Canada.
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6-KP-053 Identify elected or appointed municipal, provincial, and federal government representatives and describe their main responsibilities. Include: Governor General, Manitoba Lieutenant-Governor.
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6-KP-053A Identify and describe the main responsibilities of elected representatives of their Aboriginal
community.
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6.4.3. A Community of Communities
Enduring Education: Individuals belong to many groups, and derive their identities from those groups.
6-KI-016 Describe factors that shape personal and national identities and explain how they may coexist.
Examples: social, cultural, linguistic...
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6-KI-020 Identify various groups and organizations that may contribute to personal identity.
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6-KP-048 Identify First Nations, Inuit, and Métis perspectives regarding self-determination. Examples: resource use, land claims, treaties, government...
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6-KI-020F Describe the role of francophone organizations and identify ways in which they promote francophone rights. Examples: Société franco-manitobaine, Pluri-Elles...
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6-KI-016F Describe the influence of their social, cultural, and linguistic choices on their francophone identities.
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6-KI-020A Identify the roles of Aboriginal organizations and give examples of ways in which they promote Aboriginal rights. Examples: Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, Manitoba Métis Federation, Assembly of First Nations, Métis National Council...
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6.4.4 Creating a Just Society
Enduring Education: The 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects the rights and freedoms of citizens and ensures that Canada continues to strive toward a just and equitable society.
6-VC-004 Appreciate the benefits of living in Canada. Examples: freedoms, education, health, safety...
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6-VC-003 Appreciate the struggles and achievements of past generations in shaping Canada.
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6-KC-006 Identify current issues related to citizenship in Canada.
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6-KC-005 Identify rights and freedoms described in the 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and explain why they are important.
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6-KP-054 Identify factors that contribute to inequities in Canada and propose solutions. Examples: poverty, racism, sexism...
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6-VP-017 Be willing to support solutions to address inequities.
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6.4.5. Canadian Democracy in the World Context
Enduring Education: Citizenship involves a commitment to democratic ideals and an awareness of global responsibilities in an increasingly interdependent world.
6-VG-015 Appreciate Canada’s interdependence with other regions of the world.
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6-KC-004 Identify the ideals of democracy and describe the influence of democracy on quality of life for Canadians.
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6-KG-047 Give examples of Canada’s connections to other regions of the world. Examples: environmental, social, political, economic...
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6-KI-021 Identify various individuals from Canada’s past and present, and describe their achievements.
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6-VC-002 Be willing to support the ideals of democracy and contribute to local democratic processes. Examples: school or community projects, student councils...
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6-VC-002A Be willing to participate in democratic processes to protect and affirm their Aboriginal identities.
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Grade 6 - SS Page
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