Review for this all-important test. Directions: You need to answer completely each of the following questions, on separate paper

Objectives

1.01 Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period.

1.02 Analyze the political freedoms available to the following groups prior to 1820: women, wage earners, landless farmers, American

1.03 Assess commercial and diplomatic relationships with Britain, France, and other nations.

Who was the first Chief Justice? jay

Which Chief Justice expanded the power of the Supreme Court? Marshall

How did the following Supreme Court cases help in the development of the court?

5. 
   Marbury v. Madison established judicial review
   
6. 
   McCulloch v. Maryland established supremacy of national government over states
   
7. 
   Giobbons v Ogden congress controls trade between the states
   
8. 
   Dred Scott v Sanford said Congress could not make laws outlawing slavery in the territories
   
9. 
   What was adopted by Congress to create the federal court system in 1789? Judiciary Act of 1790
   
10. 
    What is a Cabinet? Heads of the executive departments
    
11. 
    What Cabinet positions did Washington create? State, Treasury, War, Attorney General
    
12. 
    Who were the first Secretaries? Jefferson, Hamilton, Knox, Randolph
    
13. 
    Identify Alexander Hamilton's financial plan. Pay off national debt, assume state debts, establish a national bank to control credit
    
14. 
    What is the difference between a strict and a loose constructionalist view of the Constitution? Strict construction is that the Constitution is as written
    

5. 
   Why was there a Whiskey Rebellion and how was it handled? Farmers in western Penn revolted over the tax Hamilton placed on whiskey
   

10. How did Washington react to the French Revolutionary conflict in Europe? Issued Neutrality Proclamation

a. Why did the French expect assistance from the US? They had helped us in Revolution

11. What was accomplished by each of the following treaties?

5. 
   Treaty of Greenville ended Native American uprising in Northwest territory
   
6. 
   Jay's Treaty ended dispute with Great Britain, very unpopular at the time, led to Pinkcney’s treaty with Spain, kept us out of war with GB
   
7. 
   Pinck' ~y's Treaty US settled land disupute with Spain, got rights to use port of New Orleans
   

a. What advice did he give the nation in his farewell address? Avoid foreign entanglements, avoid political parties

5. 
   What two political parties developed during Washington's administration? Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
   
6. 
   Which people would have been members of the Federalist Party? Adams, Hamilton
   

5. 
   What was the XYZ Affair and why did it almost cause war between the United States and France? French officials wanted a bribe from US in order for
   

5. 
   How were the Alien and Sedition Acts an attempt to silence Republican opposition? Limit the time for immigrants to become voting citizens and to restrict
   

5. 
   Who wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves? Jefferson and Madison
   
6. 
   What theory did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves introduce into American politics? nullification
   
7. 
   Why was the election of 1800 a "revolution"? Jefferson limited the size of government, cut taxes
   
8. 
   Why did the judiciary Act of 1801 upset Thomas Jefferson? Adams’ was able to appoint Federalists to positions on federal courts
   
9. 
   How did John Marshall, as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, avoid a confrontation with the executive branch over the Judiciary Act of 1801? He declared it unconstitutional in Marbury v Madison
   
10. 
    Why was it necessary for Jefferson to purchase the Louisiana Territory? Dramatic increase in size of country and natural resources
    
11. 
    Why was the Louisiana Purchase a difficult decision for Jefferson? He thought it unconstitutional---President didn’t have power
    
12. 
    How did the following help lead to the War of 1812?
    
13. 
    Impressments British putting sailors into British navy angered American public
    
14. 
    Freedom of the seas British interfering with American shipping
    
15. 
    Chesapeake Incident British fired on American ship
    
16. 
    War Hawks leaders of Congress who demanded war
    
17. 
    Indians in the Old Northwest stirred up by British, they began to attack settlements---Tecumseh’s coalition
    
18. 
    Who was president during the War of 1812? Madison
    
19. 
    Who fought in the War of 1812? US and Great Britain
    

5. 
   How did the results of the War of 1812 impact the United States, and Indians in the Mississippi Valley? Put an end to Native American uprisings east of the Mississippi, US trade no longer interfered with by British
   
6. 
   What was the role of the following in the War of 1812?
   
7. 
   Hartford Convention Federalists in New England threatened secession, led to end of the party
   
8. 
   Battle of New Orleans Made Andrew Jackson a hero, led to period of nationalism
   
9. 
   Andrew Jackson Victory at New Orleans, also defeated Native Americans in southeast, popularity led to Presidency
   
10. 
    Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner
    
11. 
    Treaty of Ghent ended the war, neither country gained land
    
12. 
    Napoleon Bonaparte
    

Objectives

2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.
US History Review Booklet for EOC preparation

2.02 Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and language.

5. 
   What does the term nationalism mean? People are more interested in the nation than in their own section of the country
   
6. 
   What was the Era of Good Feelings? No political opposition, period of peace and prosperity
   
7. 
   How did Henry Clay plan for his American System to work? All parts of the country would benefit with South and West supplying raw materials and markets for New England factories.
   
8. 
   How did the relationship between the United States and Britain improve after the War of 1812? They became trading partners with little to no conflict
   

1. 
   How and when did the United States acquire east Florida? Adams Onis treaty in 1819….Jackson chased Native Americans into Florida, when Florida complained, Adams offered to buy it -
   

5. 
   What was the Monroe Doctrine and why was it adopted? After Napoleon’s defeat, European countries wanted to get involved again in American colonies. Doctrine told them to stay out, US would enforce
   
6. 
   Name three ways that transportation changed from the 1820s until the 1840s in America. Construction of roads (National Road), canals (Erie Canal), and beginning of railroads
   
7. 
   How did Eli Whitney change the economy of the South in 1793? Invention of cotton gin made cotton profitable
   
8. 
   How did Eli Whitney change the development of industry in the United States? Interchangeable parts
   10. What was the factory system? Bringing workers and raw materials together at sources of power
   

11. How did the issue of slavery trigger a problem in 1819? New states ready to be admitted, but had slaves in the territories

a. How did the Missouri Compromise solve this problem? Admitted Missouri as slave, Maine free and drew line

12. When was Andrew Jackson elected president? 1828

5. 
   What was Jacksonian Democracy? Depended on the support of the common man
   
6. 
   What was the spoils system? Rewarding supporters with government jobs
   
7. 
   What was the attitude of Jackson toward Native Americans? Disliked them, decided to move them to west
   
8. 
   Describe the Trail of Tears? Tribes east of the Mississippi (primarily the Cherokee) were moved west of the Mississippi River—many died from weather, malnutrition, disease, etc
   
9. 
   How did Jackson and the Supreme Court differ over the issue of the removal of the Native Americans? Marshall said no, but Jackson said let Marshall enforce it---went around court by getting some Cherokee to sign agreement
   
10. 
    What is a tariff? Tax on imports
    
11. 
    Why was the Tariff of 1828 called the Tariff of Abomination? Because it was very high, hurt Southerners
    
12. 
    How did South Carolina and John C. Calhoun react to the Tariff of Abomination? Nullification, threatened secession
    
13. 
    What did Jackson do to the National Bank and why did he call it the "monster"? He vetoed the bank bill and took money out of the bank. He thought it was run by Eastern elitists and was corrupt
    
14. 
    What were pet banks? State banks where Jackson put government money. Mostly run by his supporters
    
15. 
    Why was John C. Calhoun the leading spokesman for the South during the mid-1800s? he was Senator from SC and former VP
    
16. 
    What was the major point Calhoun was making in regard to the doctrine of nullification? States could not be told what to do by the federal government in his opinion
    

5. 
   Who was Mark Twain and what did he contribute to the mind-1800s in American History? Author, wrote about American life
   
6. 
   What was Romanticism? Type of literature and art popular in 1800s, idealized life
   
7. 
   What was the influence of the Hudson River School of artists? Landscapes, American group of artists
   
8. 
   Define transcendentalism and provide examples of transcendentalists. Wanted to go beyond observation, Whitman, Emerson, Thoreau
   
9. 
   What types of literature did the Romantic writers produce? Novels, poetry
   
10. 
    What positions did Thoreau take in his essay. "Civil Disobedience"? do what was right, even if it was illegal
    
11. 
    During the 1830s, what two groups of Europeans migrated to the United States in the greatest number? Irish, Germans
    

5. 
   In what section of the country was slavery primarily utilized and how did it impact that section? South, became dependent on cheap labor
   
6. 
   What were the various categories of people in southern society in the period before the Civil War? Plantation owners, yeomen farmers, free blacks, slaves
   
7. 
   What group emerged during the period before the Civil War to oppose slavery? abolitionists
   
8. 
   How was religion and music used by the slave to offset his condition in life? Promise of better life after death, music used as symbol of oppression, ability to oneday overcome, used as signals
   
9. 
   What religious groups were opposed to the use of slaves in America? Quakers, Shakers, Unitarians
   
10. 
    What was the role of each of the following in the abolition of slavery?
    
11. 
    William Lloyd Garrison published Liberator, leading newspaper
    
12. 
    Frederick Douglass runaway slave who published newspaper, made speeches
    
13. 
    Nat Turner led slave revolt in Va
    
14. 
    Sojourner Truth runaway slave woman who spoke against slavery and for women’s rights
    
15. 
    Harriet Tubman conductor on underground railroad
    
16. 
    What were utopian communities? Attempts at perfect communities
    
17. 
    How did each of the following religious groups attempt to establish utopian communities?
    
18. 
    Shakers lived separately, allowed anyone in, work ethic
    
19. 
    Mormons moved to Utah to escape persecution
    
20. 
    Transcendentalists established several communities like Brook Farm
    
21. 
    How did Dorthea Dix attempt to help the mentally ill and prisoners? Led reform to establish mental institutions
    
22. 
    Why did the Temperance movement want to limit the consumption of alcohol? They thought it led to evils of society—poverty, abuse, disease
    
23. 
    During the 1840s and 1850s, how were women educated in America? Very little education, usually at home
    

5. 
   What was the outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848? Declaration of Sentiments
   
6. 
   How did the women's suffrage movement also attack the issue of slavery? Leaders in abolitionist movement as well
   
7. 
   How did John L. O'Sullivan define the term Manifest Destiny? God given right to all land coast to coast
   
8. 
   Why did the Mexican government invite American settlers into Texas? The mission system didn’t work, needed settlers
   
9. 
   Why was there ultimately a conflict between Americans in Texas and the Mexican govemment? Americans wouldn’t follow Mexican rules, wanted to do things their own way
   
10. 
    Why would the slogan "Remember the Alamo" be used by Texans to urge Texans to fight? Santa Anna killed all the men at the Alamo
    
11. 
    How did the Baltle of San Jacinto affect the outcome of the Texas Revolution? Santa Anna captured, forced to grant independence to Texas
    
12. 
    Why would the United States, under Jackson, not annex Texas? Too many people thought US behind the Texas Revolution, might lead to war with Mexico
    

5. 
   What American president was the Manifest Destiny President? Polk
   
6. 
   What territories were acquired during his presidency? Mexican cession, Oregon, Texas
   
7. 
   What was Oregon fever and how was it "cured"? settlers moving to good land in Oregon, 54-40 argument, agreement with GB on border at 49^th parallel
   
8. 
   What treaty granted the United States the Mexican Cession? Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
   
9. 
   How did the acquisition of Texas, Mexican Cession and Oregon lead to a conflict between the sections of the United States? argument over Argument over extension of slavery
   
10. 
    How were the Indians in the Oregon territory treated? Forced to reservations
    

B

4.01 Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they experienced.

4.03 Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the

American farmer and trace the rise and decline of Populism.

4.04 Describe innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and assess their impact on the West.

5. 
   What was the lifestyle of the Plains Indians, and how were the buffalo and horse important to the lifestyle? Horse made them into buffalo hunters
   
6. 
   Why did the United States govemment adopt a reservation policy? To take land
   
7. 
   What impact did Custer's Last Stand have on attitude toward the Plains Indians? They were moved to reservations
   
8. 
   What did the American government do to assimilate the American Indian, and how successful was this? xxxx
   
9. 
   What was the Ghost Dance, and how did it lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee? xxxxxx
   
10. 
    What enabled Americans to get land in the West? Homestead Act
    
11. 
    How did the farmer cope with life on the Plains? Learned to grow grains
    
12. 
    What inventions enabled the farmer to succeed? Steel plow, barbed wire, later reaper and combine
    
13. 
    How did the cattle in Texas gat to dinner plates in the East? Cattle drive to railroads, later refrigerated cars
    
14. 
    What mineral resources were discovered in the West? Gold and silver
    
15. 
    How did the railroads open up the west? Allowed easy travel and trade, towns along rail lines
    
16. 
    Why did Oliver Kelley organize the National Grange in 1867? Social and political organization for farmers, learn new methods of farming
    
17. 
    What were the Granger laws? Laws to aid farmers (against railroads, big business)
    
18. 
    How was Munn v. Illinois later changed by Wabash v. Illinois? xxxxxxxx
    
19. 
    What did the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 do? xxxxxx
    
20. 
    What problem did the issue of money supply cause after the Civil War? Paper money led to inflation, argument over greenbacks
    
21. 
    How was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act going to solve this problem? xxxxxx
    
22. 
    When and why did the Farmers Alliance movement create the Populist Party? xxxxxx
    
23. 
    What was the platform of the Populist Party in 1892? xxxxxxx
    
24. 
    How did William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech help him to win the 1896 Democratic Party nomination? xxxxxx