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Foreword 4
Executive summary 5
a.Introduction 6
Background 6
How to use this guidance 7
Sources of advice and further guidance 7
DfT contact details 9
DfT Light Rail Security Network 9
b.Organisational security culture 10
Building and embedding a security culture 10
Personnel security 11
Security training 11
Administrative staff 12
Training records 12
Contingency (emergency) plans 13
Security exercises 14
c.Handling threats and incidents 16
Received threats 16
Firearm incidents 17
Response to unattended and suspicious items 17
Response to suspicious behaviour 18
Discovery of 'white powders' 18
Responding to a cyber incident 19
d.Security of light rail carriages and vehicles 22
Rolling stock design 22
Searches and checks 22
Securing vehicles and carriages not in service 23
Control of passengers boarding and leaving 23
Baggage reconciliation 23
Security awareness measures for passengers 23
High visibility clothing 24
On board Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) 24
Security enhancements at times of increased threat 26
e.Security of light rail stations, termini and interchanges 27
Security in Design of Stations (SIDOS) and Hostile Vehicle Mitigation (HVM) 27
The Safer Tram Stop Award 28
Searches and checks 28
Construction work at a station 29
Links to other public transport systems 30
Control of access to public / non-public areas 31
Visitors and contractors 32
High visibility clothing 32
Areas of concealment 33
Waste management 34
Bicycles 35
Equipment boxes 35
Public toilet facilities 36
Post boxes 36
Tenants and cleaners 36
Security awareness measures for passengers 36
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) 37
Left luggage facilities 37
Car parks / park and ride facilities / car rental facilities 38
Commercial developments at stations 38
Security enhancements at times of increased threat 39
f. Security of depots and maintenance facilities 40
Physical protection 40
Control room security 40
Rolling stock on site 41
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) 41
Staffing / patrolling 41
Passes: recording and issuing 42
Motor vehicle access and parking arrangements 42
Security awareness measures 43
Security controls 43
Control room security 44
Security enhancements at times of increased threat 44
Annex A - Bomb / Threat Report Form 46
Annex B - Marauding Active Shooter guidance 49
g.How you would communicate with staff, public, neighbouring premises, etc. 51
h.What key messages would you give to them in order to keep them safe? 51
i.Have the ability to secure key parts of the building to hinder free movement of the gunmen. 51
j.Does your location store NHS Medical Bags for use by paramedics to treat casualties of such an incident? Do your staff know the location of these bags? 51
k.Think about incorporating this into your emergency planning and briefings 51
l.Test your plan. 52
Annex C - Suspicious items - using the HOT protocol 53
m.external wiring; 53
n.visible batteries; 53
o.switches; 53
p.timers; 53
q.circuit boards; 53
r.wire passing from one package to another; 53
s.items secured by plastic adhesive tape; 53
t.annotations (e.g., ‘ON’, ‘ARMED’, ‘DET’, reference to the time delay); 53
u.specially modified wooden or plastic boxes; 54
v.unidentified powders or other putty-like substances; or 54
w.carefully wrapped in plastic bags. 54
Annex D - Quick reference security checklist 55
Annex E - General online resources 60
Annex F - Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) specific publications 62
Annex G - Vehicle search routine for entry to depots 63
Annex H - Glossary of terms 64
a.the police are called and: 66
x.police confirm the incident as an attempted or actual attack; or
66
y.any security related incident which attracts media interest, even if it would not be one requiring notification in line with 1 to 3 above; and
66
z.any discovery of firearms, ammunition, or other weapons; and
66
aa.any incidents of unauthorised access, or attempted unauthorised access, to non-public areas; and
66
ab.bomb threats; and
66
ac.any discovery of explosive devices, component parts of explosive devices, or articles having the appearance of such. 66
On 18 October 2010 the Government published its National Security Strategy which reiterated that the international terrorist threat to the UK is a tier one risk. This makes it part of a group of the highest priority risks for UK national security looking ahead, taking account of both likelihood and impact. Therefore work in protecting the travelling public will be essential for the foreseeable future.
Terrorists continue to target railway services across the world. The Madrid commuter train attacks on 11th March 2004, London attacks on 7th July 2005 (three of which occurred on the Underground) and suicide attacks in Volgograd railway station on the 29th and 30th December caused death, injury and disruption. These are clearly very rare events, but potentially high impact, hence there is a need to plan, and to remain vigilant. Along with physical attacks, the transport network has also been disrupted by telephone threats, unattended items and hoax devices.
The constantly changing nature of the risks and threats has necessitated a refresh of the original guidance published by the Department for Transport (DfT) in 2007. This 2014 document assembles the latest best practice security measures, and we hope that it helps your operations and staff to run a safe and secure network. This guidance covers the 7 light rail systems (Blackpool Tram, Croydon Tramlink, Manchester Metrolink, Midland Metro, Nottingham Express Transit, Sheffield Supertram and Tyne & Wear Metro) and can be used to help new networks ahead of commencing operations, for example the Edinburgh Tram. We encourage you to make full use of this guide.
An effective protective security regime must take account of the prevailing threat and likelihood of a security incident, the vulnerability of potential targets and the potential consequences of an attack. Together these identify the risk to the operators and infrastructure and to those using them and working on them.
The open nature of the environment around light rail stops and stations presents a greater challenge than some other transport modes where access can be more readily restricted to certain areas and screening and searching regimes are in place. Nonetheless, the opportunity exists to embed systems for effectively managing risk, and this guide shows you how to do that.
Security measures will generally be a proportionate combination of "front line" physical and procedural security measures (e.g. screening, searching, physical barriers, patrolling) and "secondary" measures (e.g. background checks, security vetting and training), depending on the prevailing threat.
A "multi-layered" approach to security is more robust, acknowledging that no single security measure is either fool-proof or capable of mitigating every type of threat. Security measures should therefore be commensurate to the risk, effective, holistic, practicable and sustainable. The aim is to deter would be perpetrators, detect prohibited articles and respond to any potential threats. Your security regime should also provide reassurance to passengers.