How groups of nomadic Amerindians organized their territory
among the Innu, a camp of wigwams was set up on hunting grounds
How groups of sedentary Amerindians organized their territory
among the Huron, the village was made up of longhouses and surrounded by a palisade
French régime 1608-1760
Demography
Approximate number of inhabitants and composition of the population
In 1663
a population of roughly 3 000 inhabitants
mainly male and of French origin, and Native population
In 1760
a mixed population consisting of roughly 65 000 Canadiens and French subjects, a population consisting of Amerindians and Blacks, some Amerindians and Blacks being slaves
consisting overwhelmingly of Canadiens, a minority of British subjects, a population of Amerindians and Blacks, some Amerinidians and Blacks being slaves
Approximate number of inhabitants and the composition of the population after the constitutional act:
a population of roughly 160 000 inhabitants,
consisting mainly of Canadiens, a minority of British subjects, a population of Amerindians and Blacks, some Amerindians and Blacks being slaves
Approximate number of inhabitants and the composition of the population after the act of union:
a population of roughly 665 400 inhabitants,
consisting mainly of Francophones, a growing Anglophone minority, Amerindians and Blacks
1. 2 population growth
Main population growth factor in the Province of Quebec during the second half of the 18th century:
natural growth
Main population growth factors during the first half of the 19th century:
natural growth in Lower Canada/ Canada East
immigration in Upper Canada/ Canada West
2. Migration flows
2. 1 immigration of British subjects
Reasons for immigration:
attractiveness of the fur trade after the conquest,
difficult social and economic conditions in Great Britain,
famine in Ireland
Conditions that prompted immigration:
free land grants in the early 19th
Places where immigrants settled after the conquest and during the first half of the 19th century:
St. Lawrence valley after the conquest, Eastern Townships and Upper Canada during the first half of the 19th century
2.2 immigration of loyalists
Main factors underlying the immigration of loyalists:
4.1 Approximate number of inhabitants and composition of the Amerinidian population in the St. Lawrence valley around 1800:
a population of roughly 5 000 Algonquians and Iroquoians
4.2 effects of immigration on the Amerinidians
reduction in the size of hunting and fishing territories
D. Contemporary period 1867 to the present
1. Demography
1.1. Approximate number of inhabitants and composition of the population
a. approximate number of inhabitants of Quebec
1901: 1.7 million inhabitants
1961: 5 million inhabitants
2006: 7.6 million inhabitants
b. composition of the population of Quebec
1901: a majority of French Canadians, a minority of English Canadians, a small proportion of native people and people of other origins
1961: a majority of Francophones, a minority of anglophones, a small proportion of allophones
2006: a majority of Francophones, a minority of allophones, a small proportion of anglophones
1.2 Population growth
a. factors that contributed to population growth in Quebec during the 20th century:
natural growth,
immigration
b. period of strong population growth that began after the second world war and ended in the early 1960s:
the baby boom
2. Migration flows
2.1 Immigration
a. factors that contribute to migration flows
improvement of socio-economic conditions,
flight from political regimes,
family reunification
b. the countries or regions of origin of the main immigrant groups in Quebec in the second half of the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century
Great Britain and the United States in the second half of the 19th century;
Eastern Europe, Haiti and Southeast Asia in the second half of the 20th century
2.2 Emigration of French Canadians
a. Factors that contribute to the emigration of French Canadians to the United States in the second half of the 19th century
scarcity of agricultural land
existence of job prospects in New England factories
b. Places where French Canadian migrants settled in the second half of the 19th century
Massachusetts & Maine
Areas of internal colonization such as the Mauricie, the Saguenay, and the Laurentians
c. Effect of French Canadian emigration to the United States on Quebec's population in the second half of the 19th century
Net migration was negative
2.3 Measures taken by the state
a. Measures regarding immigration implemented by the Canadian government in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century
Free land in Western Canada
The Chinese Immigration Act
b. Main measure implemented by the Quebec government to halt the emigration of French Canadians to the United States during the second half of the 19th century
