Period 2: organization & reorganization of human societies, C. 600 Bce to c. 600 Ce key Concept 1 The Development & Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions
PERIOD 2: ORGANIZATION & REORGANIZATION OF HUMAN SOCIETIES, C. 600 BCE TO C. 600 CE
Key Concept 2.1 The Development & Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions Codifications of existing religious traditions led to a bond among the people, ethical code to live by
Judaism developed - monotheism
Influenced by Mesopotamian culture and legal traditions
Conquered by political states, led to diaspora communities
Sanskrit scriptures formed Hinduism
New belief systems emerged and spread, often asserting universal truths
Buddhism
Developed out of Hinduism
Spread 1st through Mauryan emperor Ashoka, then through missionaries and merchants
Confucianism
Developed from teachings of late Zhou era philosopher Confucius
Sought to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships for all people in China
Daoism
Developed from teachings of Laozi (Lao Tsu)
Focused on harmony, balance
Influence on Chinese culture: medical theories & practices, poetry, metallurgy, architecture Christianity
Developed out of Judaism, initially rejected Roman & Hellenistic influences
Pax Romana allowed for rapid spread by missionaries/merchants throughout Afro-Eurasia
Greco-Roman philosophy and science
Logic & empirical observation
Nature of political power and hierarchy
Belief systems affected gender roles
Buddhism & Catholicism encouraged monastic life
Confucianism emphasized filial piety
Other religions/traditions continued parallel to written belief systems
Shamanism & animism
Ancestor veneration (know examples from Africa, Mediterranean region, East Asia, Andean areas) Artistic expressions, including literature & drama, architecture, and sculpture
Literature & drama (Greek plays, Indian epics)