Marker Scale Items (English translations) for Factor Constructs from Previous Studies, Used in Chinese Lexical Study (with Xinyue Zhou and colleagues)
ONE FACTOR MODEL
SD (Socially Desirable Qualitiesw)
Honest, Responsible, Patient, Clever/Deft, Warm, Sociable/Agreeable Vs. Cruel, Disorganized, Irritable, Corrupted
TWO FACTOR MODELS
S (Social Propriety or Morality)
Patient, Responsbile, Incorruptness/Cleanhanded, Forgiving (Tolerant) Vs. Harsh, Cruel, Irritable, Rude, Selfish
D (Dynamism)
Humorous, Bold, Talkative, Clever/Deft, Sociable/Agreeable, Sexy Vs. Shy/Bashful, Dull, Timid
INTERNALIZING-EXTERNALIZING FACTOR DUO
Internalizing Disorder Tendencies
Depressed, Fearful, Nervous, Sad, Anxious, Withdrawn Vs. Energetic
Externalizing Disorder Tendencies
Impulsive, Careless, Aggressive/Assertive, Rogue Daring, Vicious/Cutthroat Vs. Honest, Responsible, Considerate
THREE FACTOR MODEL
See Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientious markers from Big Five below.
BIG FIVE (based on 3M40 from Saucier, 2002)
E
Extraversion, Talkative, Assertive, vs. Introverted, Quiet, Shy, Reserved, Withdrawn
A
Undemanding, Kind, Sentimental, Forgiving (Tolerant) vs. Harsh, Unsympathetic, Cold
C
Organized, Meticulous, Cautious vs. Disorganized, Negligent, Inefficient
ES (emotional stability vs neuroticism)
Unexcitable/Composed, Not Envious vs. Emotional, Fearful,Nervous, Fretful, Anxious
Intellect/Imagination (O)
Intellectual, Complex, Sagacious/Philosophical vs. Unintellectual, Unreflective
CROSS-LANGUAGE SIX (based on Ashton et al, 2004)
H
Honest, Humble, Sincere, Virtue and Morality, Dependable (Trustworthy) vs. Sly, Greedy
E
Emotional, Sentimental, Anxious vs. Brave, Unemotional, Tough
X
Lively, Talkative/Conversational, Sociable/Agreeable vs. Untalkative
A
Patient, Gentle, Good-tempered, Forgiving (Tolerant) vs. Impatient, Irritable
C
Hardworking, Organized, Neat vs. Impulsive, Lazy
O
Intellectual, Imaginative vs. Unintellectual, Unimaginative, Conservative
MULTI-LANGUAGE SEVEN (Saucier, 2003a)
Gr (gregariousness)
Talkative/Conversational, Sociable/Agreeable vs. Quiet, Untalkative, Serious, Withdrawn
Sa (self-assurance)
Brave, Active, Confident, Tough vs. Fearful, Weak, Insecure
Et (even-temper)
Patient, Undemanding vs. Impatient, Quick-tempered, Irritable, Jealous
Cfo (concern for others)
Generous, Humble, Helpful, Sentimental vs. Selfish, Big-head/Arrogant, Hard-hearted
Co (conscientiousness)
Neat, Diligent/Thrifty, Meticulous, Strict, Pious vs. Sloppy, Forgetful
Ov (originality/virtuosity)
Artistic, Sagacious/Philosophical, Imaginative, Intelligent and Capable vs. Unreflective, Ordinary , Unsophisticated, Unimaginative
Nv (negative valence; social unacceptability)
Abnormal, Crazy, Evil, Idiot, Odd vs. Uncorrupted, Dependable (Trustworthy)
Emic Chinese Factors
Personality Structure of Wang et al.
Cui, H., & Wang, D.F. (2003). The Confirmation of Chinese Personality Structure and The Result of Adjective Ratings. Studies of Psychology and Behavior,1 (2), 89-95.
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精明干练 Wisdom(15)
自信self-confident/confident
精明 astute/shrewd/smart/bright/sagacious/sharp/adiriot
深谋远虑be circumspect and far seeing /have forethought and foresight /think deeply and plan carefully
软弱 week/effete/feeble/ineffective/feckless
温文尔雅refined/cultured/gentle and cultivated/pleasant and courteous
土气rustic style/rustic/uncouth/countrified
自卑self-abased
机伶clever/smart/sharp/intelligent
畏缩 recoil/flinch
机智 resourceful
死板rigid/stiff/inflexible
迟钝slow/obtuse/slow-witted/dull-witted
胆小timid/cowardly/faint-hearted/chicken-hearted
潇洒natural and unrestrained/elegant and unconventional/handsome and debonair/great presence
处事周到attentive/thoughtful/considerate/solicitous
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严谨自制 Behavior Style(20)
谨言慎行watch your step and mind what you are saying/speak and act cautiously/be cautious with one’s words and actions/be discreet in word and deed
敬业dedication/commitment/devotion
懒惰lazy/indolent
耐心patient/patience/endurance
认真conscientious/earnest/serious/seriousness
稳重steady going/steady/staid/sedate
成熟mature/ripen/be full-grown
老练seasoned/experienced
谦虚modesty
冲动impulse
粗心careless/thoughtless/inadvertent
刻苦耐劳assiduous/hardworking
调皮naughty/mischievous
有条理properly and logically arranged/methodical/systematic/orderly
毅力willpower/will/stamina/tenacity
冒冒失失rash/abrupt/thoughtless/without due consideration
努力make an effort/efforts/exert oneself(to do sth)/ be at pains(to do sth)
迷糊blurred/indistinct/misted/muddled/confused/dazed/muddle-headed
节俭thrift/thrifty/frugal
勤劳diligent/industrious/hardworking
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外向活跃 Extroversion(18)
乐观optimism/hopeful/sanguine
活泼lively/vivacious/vivid
积极positive/active/energetic/vigorous
开朗sanguine/optimistic
内向introverted
热情enthusiasm/warmth/zeal/zest/ardour
多愁善感be sentimental/emotional/sensitive
合群get on well with others/be sociable/gregarious
消极negative/passive/inactive
沉默reticent/ taciturn/ silent/ uncommunicative/ undemonstrative
害羞shy/bashful
含蓄reserved
健谈 brilliant in conversation/talkative
善交际sociable
主动on one’s own initiative/of one’s own accord
好静serene/placid
忧郁melancholy/heavy-hearted/somber/dejected
拘谨overcautious/reserved/stiff/punctilious
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淡泊诚信 Ways of Life(13)
诚实honesty/truthful/trusty/veracious
老实honest/frank
大方generous/liberal/large-handed/easy/natural and poised
自私selfish/self-centered/egoistic
宽宏大量broad-minded/magnanimous/having a large heart
诚恳sincere/genuine
淳朴honest/modest/simple/unsophisticated
光明磊落upright and honourable
斤斤计较haggle over every ounce/be calculating and unwilling to make the smallest sacrifice
善良good and honest/kind hearted
贪心greed/avarice/rapacity
小心眼的selfish/scheming
爽快refreshed/comfortable/frank/straight/forward/outright
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温顺随和 Interpersonal Relations (6)
强悍fierce/intrepid/doughty
温柔gentle and soft/sweet/mild
随和amiable/easy-going
脆弱fragile/frail/weak/vulnerable/delicate
粗暴rude/rough/crude/brutal/savage/violent/coarse/boorish
威猛 brave and fierce
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善良友好 Well-Disposed(4)
好脾气good temper
急躁irritable/irascible/testy/hot-tempered/impetuous/rash/impatient
暴躁irascible/irritable/fiery/testy/explosive/hot/inflammable/volcanic
易怒 irritable
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热情豪爽 Neuroticism(3)
胸无大志have no ambition/ideal at all/cherish no aspirations/ambitions/aims
充满斗志will to fight/fighting spirit/morale/fight
勇往直前march right ahead courageously/ march forward without hesitation/set off at a ruthless pace/ advance bravely
Chinese Five-factor Structure
Terms from Yang and Bond
1. social-orientation --self-centeredness
诚实 honest
狡猾 sly
负责 responsible
自私 selfish
仁慈 gracious
顽皮 naughty
和善 good and gentle
真诚 cordial
友好 friendly
严厉 harsh
贪心 greedy
好人 kind
德高望重 morally clean
坦率 frank
冷酷 ruthless
2. competence-impotence
独立 independent
勇敢 brave
能干 capable
聪明 smart
庸俗 vulgar
孩子气 childish
机敏 tactful
肤浅 shallow
害羞 shy
坚定 determined
傻 foolish
迟钝 dull
胆怯 timid
坚定 resolute and firm
睿智 wise
敏捷 quick and sharp
3. expressiveness-conservatism
慷慨 generous
保守 conservative
固执 stubborn
活泼 vivacious
开朗 optimistic
内向 introverted
热情 passionate
宽宏大量 broad-minded
亲切 gracious
健谈 talkative
冷漠 indifferent
严肃 solemn
正直 straightforward
严格 rigid
守旧 old-fashioned
4. self-control-impulsiveness
沉稳 steady
偏激 extreme
谦虚 modest
任性 headstrong
冲动 impulsive
光明正大 upright and correct
镇定 self-possessed
文静 quite and refined
易怒 irritable
顽固 stubborn
5. optimism-neuroticism
乐观 optimistic
悲观 pessimistic
忧心 worrying
敏感 sensitive
焦虑 anxious
自怜 self-pitying
喜怒无常 moody
高兴 pleasant
自信 self-confident
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