Module 5 Assignments Arthur Sodermark
7-28-2021 For this module you are required to complete the following assignments
• Chapter 9: exercises # 2 - 7
2. State three advantages of an Ethernet-based metropolitan area network over ab bSONET-based metropolitan area network. Ethernet is less expensive. Ethernet is built with simple technology to avoid traffic on the network. Ethernet technology can stream voice channels from 1Mbps to 1000Mbps. These advantages show why Ethernet is better than SONET. 3. Which type of network application requires more elaborate software connection-oriented or connectionless? Explain. I would say a connection-oriented network application requires more elaborate software. Those types of connections need software to get information from the sender to the receiver without losing data. Using connectionless network applications may not need elaborate software, but you run the risk of losing data without extra help to ensure the data gets to the destination that it is trying to gob btowards. 4. Create an analogy similar to the telephone call/sending-a-letter scenarios that demonstrates the differences between connection-oriented and connectionless network applications. One example of a connection-oriented network application is sending emails to people. Analogy: You first need to have an internet connection on the sender end of an email. Likewise, you need to have an internet connection on the receiving end of an email to receive the email. After getting the networks setup, you can communicate through an email as much as you want. Once you have gotten your communication completed you can terminate the connection between the receiver of the email and the sender of the email. Therefore, communication through an email shows that this is a connection-oriented network application. That analogy shows that showing connection-oriented network applications need to have a connection between a sender and receiver. 5. Explain the difference between a network node and a network station. A network station is a device that interfaces a user to the network. A network station uses software apps to access the network. The information sent using a network station is directed from source to destinations. A network node is a transfer point for data passing through a network. A network node does not need software apps to pass information to other nodes. The information is passed from the source station to the destination node. It passes that through a router then it sorts and puts it in the appropriate final destination station. 6. Does a datagram network require any setup time before a packet is transmitted If so, when, and how often In a datagram network, the data packets goon their own road to send between the source and destination. The data packets are routed on their own road, so that means that there is no need to setup time before packets are transmitted. 7. Does a virtual circuit network require any setup time before a packet is transmitted? If so, when, and how often In a virtual circuit network, the packets are passed through a connection that is logical. That connection follows the same path throughout the network. Since the packets are passed through a logical connection before sending information, there needs to be setup time before a packet is transmitted. When there is a large amount of information, this type of network divides into packets that follow a temporary path through the network. The data that was sent in packets follow the same path that was created. It then shares with other users. Thinking Outside the Box #4 One form of congestion avoidance is the permit system, in which anode must have a permit before it can transmit. Suppose a wide area network is using a permit system to control suggestion. What happens if,
for some unknown reason, all the permits disappear How can this event be detected How can this event be repaired
The permit system does limit the total number of packets in the network, but it does not have control over where those certain packets will be in the network. If the system failed, a router on one side of the network maybe congested while the other side a router could be idle. They would be unable to transmit those packets at across the network because the permits are not there. It would be difficult to repair the permit system if it disappeared. Even just one node does not really know how many permits are on the network currently. They also do not know how to distribute permits among routers. It is a difficult process. 
