International Journal of Philosophy
Party of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and other countries
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Party of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and other countries. It can even be seen as the internal self-cultivation reason for our country to avoid the "Soviet East incident". Having the cultivation of Confucianism, agreeing with the core idea of Chinese culture, the traditional virtues of China, and having words and deeds full of Chinese humanistic spirit, should be regarded as the basic cultivation requirements of Marxian Confucianism in the new era. If we want to integrate Marxism and Confucianism, we need to scientifically analyze their differences, clarify the historical misunderstanding between them, and clear up their theoretical opposition. And this requires two basic premises: First, to return to Marx and Confucius, to ensure that what we understand about Marxism and Confucianism is accurate, 95 Zhang Maoze: On Marxist Confucianism: The New Direction of China's Ideological Development in the 21 st Century practical and scientific, so as to ensure that Marxism and Confucianism meet in their true colors as much as possible. Marxism is mainly a scientific theory with the Chinese translation of the complete works of Marx and Engels as the basic text, with Marx as the main body and Engels as the auxiliary, rather than the content in people's daily impression, oral communication or textbooks. The Stalin Model of the former Soviet Union must not be regarded as the representative of Marxism, let alone the Cultural Revolution as a practical case of Marxism. Confucianism is not the Confucianism in people's impression nor in discussion, nor the Confucian ethics that some people think fetters people's personality since the May 4th movement. It is not the unhuman etiquette, nor is it limited to the ideal personality of several sages contained in "ancestors Yao and Shun, charter of Wen-Wu, and Zongshi Zhong Ni"(祖述尧舜,宪章文武,宗师 仲尼). However, it takes four books and five classics as the classic representatives, Confucius and Mencius as the main ideas, and Yi Zhuan(易传), Xunzi(荀子), Zhang Zai(张载) and Wang Fuzhi(王夫之) as the auxiliary contents. Second, the vision of human studies, a theoretical vision, is necessary for people to think about and solve the problems of why people are human beings, how they are human beings and their ideals and beliefs, etc. Zhu Guangqian(朱光潜) once pointed out that Marx not only does not deny the human factor, but also "takes humanitarianism as the highest ideal"[13], and the natural science and social science should eventually develop and unify into human science. I think it's a very profound insight. Marx's humanitarianism is very close to Confucianism's human study in thinking. Starting from human nature, with the help of the practice of human nature cultivation(人性修养) and civilization education(文明教化), Confucianism hopes that all people will become ideal and real people, and then realize the ideal society of Datong(大同). Marx stressed starting from practice, but also stressed that with the help of the social practice of the working people, we should understand human nature, confirm and realize human nature, everyone can develop freely and comprehensively, and become an ideal person, and finally achieve an ideal Communist society. Therefore, the so-called “Daode”(道德) of Confucianism is not only ethics, but also more importantly refers to the connotation of human nature based on the Dao(道). It is the harvest of human nature cultivation on the basis of the unity of nature and human beings(天人合一), that is, self-cultivation of Dao(修道) and achieve morality(成德). It is also the core of civilization education to others, all the people, under the background of the unity of nature and human beings, that is, moral education(德育) or morality education(德教). According to Confucianism, the essence of human nature is not only good, but also true, beautiful and utilitarian. Confucianism advocates the goodness of human nature and on this basis puts forward the ideas of human nature cultivation and civilization education. Marx also said that our materialists also recognize the goodness of human nature; According to Marx, human’s nature is constituted by human needs, and the social relations in a certain historical period are the essence of human, and freedom is the essence of human, and these human nature contents are integrated into one on the basis of social practice, which constitutes the process of confirming and realizing human nature on the basis of practice. Therefore, Marx emphasized the dialectical unity of practice and human nature. He believed that the recognition, consciousness, confirmation and Realization of human nature are the foundation, basis and ideal of social practice. The ideal of human social and historical practice is the free and comprehensive development of everyone. In the final analysis, social productivity is human's labor ability, and social production activity is the concentrated expression of human nature. In the historical process of human society, class nature is the concrete expression of human nature in a certain historical stage. The exploitation and class domination performance of a few people are one-sided and abnormal manifestations of human alienation, which need to be gradually overcome and eliminated in historical development. Download 250.88 Kb. Share with your friends:
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