The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914
Unit 6
Indirect Control
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Direct Control
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_____________________ officials brought in to rule
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Goal: develop future ______________________
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Goal: __________________________________
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Gov. institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
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Gov. institutions are based only on European styles
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Ex: British colonies like India
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Ex: French colonies like Vietnam
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European Imperialism
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______________________________ refers to the ______________________________ & ___________________________________________of one area or country by another.
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Industrialization stirred ambitions in many European nations
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Wanted resources to fuel their industrial production
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Competed for new markets
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Looked towards Africa & Asia
Reasons for Imperialism
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Characteristics of Imperialism
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_____________________________: a country or a region governed internally by a foreign power (ex: America under English control)
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_____________________________: A country or territory with its own internal gov. but under the control of an outside power. (ex: Britain over the Niger River delta)
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__________________________________________________: an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges ( ex: during WWII Japan’s control in Korea, Vietnam, China)
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__________________________________________________: Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other gov. (ex: the Dole Fruit Company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii)
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Which 2 forms are guided by interests in business or trade?
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What is the difference between a protectorate & a colony?
Patterns of Management
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In which management method are the people less empowered to rule themselves? Explain
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In what ways are the two management methods different?
British Imperialism in India
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East India Trading Company ruled India with little interference from British Gov.
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Had own army led by British officers and staffed by ______________________ (_______________ soldiers)
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India was treasured by the British for its potential
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Major supplier of raw materials
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Considered India, the brightest “_______________________________________________”
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British set up restrictions that prevented the Indian economy from operating on its own
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Produce the raw materials for British manufacturing, then to buy the finished goods…. Indian competition was prohibited
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Negative
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British held much of the political/economic power
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Restricted Indian-owned _________________
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Emphasis on cash crops resulted in loss of self sufficiency (reduced food production), causing _________________
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Increased presence of missionaries & outspoken _________________threatened traditional life
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Positive
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3rd largest ____________________ network
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Modern road network, telephone/telegraph lines, dams, bridges, & irrigation
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Improved public health & sanitation
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Schools/colleges founded
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Ended local _________________
Impact of Colonialism in India
Sepoy Mutiny
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As economic problems increased, so did the feelings of ___________________________ and ___________________________
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Gossip among Sepoys that the cartridges of their new English rifles were sealed with beef/pork fat caused outrage
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Sepoys refused to accept cartridges > British handled badly > sepoys rebelled > captured city of Dehli > rebellion spread to northern/central India
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British sent troops to help East India Company
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Indians could not _______________due to weak leadership & splits between Muslim & Hindus
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Mutiny marked a turning point
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British took _______________________________ of India
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____________: British rule from 1757-1947
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Divided into 11 provinces & some 250 districts
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Mutiny fueled racist attitudes of the English & increased distrust between the British & Indians
Imperialist Divide Africa
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Promotes the idea that the ___________________ for survival enjoy ___________________ and success and are ___________________ to others (___________________)
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It affected the spread of European Imperialism in that it increased due to a sense of superiority among Europeans
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The phrase “___________________________________________” refers to the colonial-era idea that white men were burdened with bringing ___________________________ to the uncivilized
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Which two internal forces were connected with each other? Explain
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Which of the European motives do you believe was the most powerful? Explain
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Opening of the Suez Canal (1869):
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Connects the ___________________________ Sea to the __________ Sea have quicker access from European countries to their colonies in Asia and Africa
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Britain’s “___________________ of the Empire
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African Lands Become European Colonies
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The scramble for African territory began in the 1880s
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The competition between European countries was so fierce, they feared __________ with one another
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To prevent fighting 14 countries met at the __________________________________ in 1884-85
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Lay down the _____________________ of Africa
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______________ country could claim land by notifying their claims & showing they could control the area
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Divided continent with little thought to how African culture or Linguistic groups were distributed
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By 1914, only ____________________ & ____________________ remained free
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About what percentage of Africa was colonized by Europeans in 1878? How much by 1919?
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According to the map of 1913, which 2 imperial powers held the most land? According to the chart, what percentage of land in Africa was held by the 2 powers?
Major Imperial Powers
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_____________________________________ of _____________________ ruled the _________________ in the center of Africa as his private estate. He treated the natives harshly, killing millions to increase production on his _________________ plantations
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_______________________________ , a leading British imperialist, &Founder of the southern African territory of Rhodesia (present day Zimbabwe), planned to build a _______________________ down the eastern side of Africa from Egypt to South Africa
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Positive Effects
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European medicine & improved _______________________ led to longer life and rise in population
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Introduced modern __________________________ & communication
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Small # of Africans received improved education & economic opportunities
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Negative Effects
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European domination led to an erosion of traditional African _________________ and destroyed existing social relationships
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Africans treated as _____________________ Europeans, natives forced to work long hours for low pay
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Europeans divided Africa ignoring tribal, ethnic, and cultural ___________________________
China
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In China, European powers faced a different situation than in India or Africa
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For thousands of years, China had been united under its powerful emperors, nevertheless, China had remained __________________________ from the world
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It lacked military _____________________________ to oppose Western Imperialism
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The West showed an interest in China because its huge population offered a potential market for European goods & valuable raw materials
Opium Wars
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1800s Great Britain began selling __________________ in China to obtain money to buy _________.
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Chinese government tried to stop this practice
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British reacted by declaring ___________….. China was defeated and opium continued to be sold
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British established several “_________________________________________” (areas of China under their exclusive economic control)
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European interference was extremely unpopular and weakened the prestige of the ruling ____________ (Manchu) Dynasty
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Lost __________________________________________________ .
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Manchu rulers faced major revolts
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_______________________ Rebellion (1850-1864): largest peasant rebellion, led by Hong …millions were killed by Gov. to help put down the rebellion
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________________ Rebellion 1899-1900: group of “Boxers” rebelled against the spread of foreign influence in China, hundreds of foreigners killed…. Foreign troops (U.S.) finally crushed rebellion
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U.S. sought to preserve China as independent country.
American policy prevented European powers from further dividing up China & kept it “__________________” to trade with all nations
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