History of the christian church
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- HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH
| HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH*
CONTENTS ——————————— GENERAL INTRODUCTION § 1. Nature of Church History. § 2. Branches of Church History. § 3. Sources of Church History. § 4. Periods of Church History. § 5. Uses of Church History. § 6. Duty of the Historian. § 7. Literature of Church History.
APOSTLIC CHRISTIANITY A.D. 1–100.
PREPARATION FOR CHRISTIANITY. §8. Central Position of Christ in the History of the World. § 9. Judaism. § 10. The Law, and the Prophecy. § 11. Heathenism. § 12. Grecian Literature, and the Roman Empire. § 13. Judaism and Heathenism in Contact. CHAPTER II. JESUS CHRIST. § 14. Sources and Literature. § 15. The Founder of Christianity. § 16. Chronology of the Life of Christ. § 17. The Land and the People. § 18. Apocryphal Tradition. § 19. The Resurrection of Christ. CHAPTER III. THE APOSTOLIC AGE. § 20. Sources and Literature of the Apostolic Age. § 21. General Character of the Apostolic Age. § 22. The Critical Reconstruction of the History of the Apostolic Age. § 23. Chronology of the Apostolic Age. CHAPTER IV. ST. PETER AND THE CONVERSION OF THE JEWS. § 24. The Miracle of Pentecost and the Birthday of the Christian Church. § 25. The Church of Jerusalem and the Labors of Peter. § 26. The Peter of History and the Peter of Fiction. § 27. James the Brother of the Lord. § 28. Preparation for the Mission to the Gentiles.
ST. PAUL AND THE CONVERSION OF THE GENTILES. § 29. Sources and Literature on St. Paul and his Work. § 30. Paul before his Conversion. § 31. The Conversion of Paul. § 32. The Work of Paul. § 33. Paul’s Missionary Labors. § 34. The Synod of Jerusalem, and the Compromise between Jewish and Gentile Christianity. § 35. The Conservative Reaction, and the Liberal Victory—Peter and Paul at Antioch. § 36. Christianity in Rome. CHAPTER VI. THE GREAT TRIBULATION. § 37. The Roman Conflagration and the Neronian Persecution. § 38. The Jewish War and the Destruction of Jerusalem. § 39. Effects of the Destruction of Jerusalem on the Christian Church.
ST. JOHN, AND THE LAST STADIUM OF THE APOSTOLIC PERIOD – THE CONSOLIDATION OF JEWISH AND GENTILE CHRISTIANITY. § 40. The Johannean Literature. § 41. Life and Character of John § 42. Apostolic Labors of John. § 43. Traditions Respecting John. CHAPTER VIII. CHRISTIAN LIFE IN THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH. § 44. The Power of Christianity. § 45. The Spiritual Gifts. § 46. Christianity in Individuals. § 47. Christianity and the Family. § 48. Christianity and Slavery. § 49. Christianity and Society. § 50. Spiritual Condition of the Congregations.—The Seven Churches in Asia.
WORSHIP IN THE APOSTOLIC AGE. § 51. The Synagogue. § 52. Christian Worship. § 53. The Several Parts of Worship. § 54. Baptism. § 55. The Lord’s Supper. § 56. Sacred Places. § 57. Sacred Times—The Lord’s Day.
ORGANIZATION OF THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH. § 58. Literature. § 59. The Christian Ministry, and its Relation to the Christian Community. § 60. Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists. § 61. Presbyters or Bishops. The Angels of the Seven Churches. James of Jerusalem. § 62. Deacons and Deaconesses. § 63. Church Discipline. § 64. The Council at Jerusalem. § 65. The Church and the Kingdom of Christ. CHAPTER XI. THEOLOGY OF THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH. § 66. Literature. § 67. Unity of Apostolic Teaching. § 68. Different Types of Apostolic Teaching. § 69. The Jewish Christian Theology—I. James and the Gospel of Law. § 70. II. Peter and the Gospel of Hope. § 71. The Gentile Christian Theology. Paul and the Gospel of Faith. § 72. John and the Gospel of Love. § 73. Heretical Perversions of the Apostolic Teaching. CHAPTER XII. THE NEW TESTAMENT. § 74. Literature. § 75. Rise of the Apostolic Literature. § 76. Character of the New Testament. § 77. Literature on the Gospels. § 78. The Four Gospels. § 79. The Synoptists. § 80. Matthew. § 81. Mark. § 82. Luke. § 83. John. § 84. Critical Review of the Johannean Problem. § 85. The Acts of the Apostles. § 86. The Epistles. § 87. The Catholic Epistles. § 88. The Epistles of Paul § 89. The Epistles to the Thessalonians. § 90. The Epistles to the Corinthians. § 91. The Epistles to the Galatians. § 92. The Epistle to the Romans. § 93. The Epistles of the Captivity. § 94. The Epistle to the Colossians. § 95. The Epistle to the Ephesians. § 96. Colossians and Ephesians Compared and Vindicated. § 97. The Epistle to the Philippians. § 98. The Epistle to Philemon. § 99. The Pastoral Epistles. § 100. The Epistle To The Hebrews. § 101. The Apocalypse. § 102. Concluding Reflections. Faith and Criticism.
§ 2. General Character of Ante-Nicene Christianity. CHAPTER I: Spread of Christianity. § 3. Literature. § 4. Hindrances and Helps. § 5. Causes of the Success of Christianity. § 6. Means of Propagation. § 7. Extent of Christianity in the Roman Empire. § 8. Christianity in Asia. § 9. Christianity in Egypt. § 10. Christianity in North Africa. § 11. Christianity in Europe.
§ 13. General Survey. § 14. Jewish Persecution. § 15. Causes of Roman Persecution. § 16. Condition of the Church before the Reign of Trajan. § 17. Trajan. a.d. 98–117—Christianity Forbidden § 18. Hadrian. a.d. 117–138. § 19 Antoninus Pius. a.d. 137–161. The Martyrdom of Polycarp. § 20. Persecutions under Marcus Aurelius. a.d. 161–180. § 21. Condition of the Church from Septimius Severus to Philip the Arabian. a.d. 193–249. § 22. Persecutions under Decius, and Valerian. a.d. 249–260. Martyrdom of Cyprian. § 23. Temporary Repose. a.d. 260–303. § 24. The Diocletian Persecution, a.d. 303–311. § 25. The Edicts of Toleration. a.d. 311–313. § 26. Christian Martyrdom. § 27. Rise of the Worship of Martyrs and Relics. CHAPTER III. Literary Contest of Christianity with Judaism and Heathenism. § 28. Literature. § 29. Literary Opposition to Christianity. § 30. Jewish Opposition. Josephus and the Talmud. § 31. Pagan Opposition. Tacitus and Pliny. § 32. Direct Assaults. Celsus. § 33. Lucian. § 34. Neo-Platonism. § 35. Porphyry and Hierocles § 36. Summary of the Objections to Christianity. § 37. The Apologetic Literature of Christianity. § 38. The Argument against Judaism. § 39. The Defense against Heathenism. § 40. The Positive Apology.
§ 42. Clergy and Laity. § 43. New Church Officers. § 44. Origin of the Episcopate. § 45. Development of the Episcopate. Ignatius. § 46. Episcopacy at the time of Irenaeus and Tertullian. § 47. Cyprianic Episcopacy. § 48. The Pseudo-Clementine Episcopacy. § 49. Beginnings of the Metropolitan and Patriarchal Systems § 50. Germs of the Papacy. § 51. Chronology of the Popes. § 52. List of the Roman Bishops and Roman Emperors during the First Three Centuries. § 53. The Catholic Unity. § 54. Councils. § 55. The Councils of Elvira, Arles, and Ancyra. § 56. Collections of Ecclesiastical Law. The Apostolical Constitutions and Canons. § 57. Church Discipline. § 58. Church Schisms. CHAPTER V: Christian Worship. § 59. Places of Common Worship. § 60. The Lord’s Day. § 61. The Christian Passover. (Easter). § 62. The Paschal Controversies. § 63. Pentecost. § 64. The Epiphany § 65. The Order of Public Worship. § 66. Parts of Worship. § 67. Division of Divine Service. The Disciplina Arcani. § 68. Celebration of the Eucharist. § 69. The Doctrine of the Eucharist. § 70. The Celebration of Baptism. § 71. The Doctrine of Baptism. § 72. Catechetical Instruction and Confirmation. § 73. Infant Baptism. § 74. Heretical Baptism. CHAPTER VI: Christian Art. § 75. Literature. § 76. Origin of Christian Art. § 77. The Cross and the Crucifix. § 78. Other Christian Symbols. § 79 Historical and Allegorical Pictures § 80. Allegorical Representations of Christ. § 81. Pictures of the Virgin Mary.
§ 83. Origin and History of the Catacomb. § 84. Description of the Catacombs. § 85. Pictures and Sculptures. § 86. Epitaphs. § 87. Lessons of the Catacombs. CHAPTER VIII: The Christian Life in Contrast with Pagan Corruption. § 88. Literature. § 89. Moral Corruption of the Roman Empire. § 90. Stoic Morality § 91. Epictetus. § 92. Marcus Aurelius. § 93. Plutarch. § 94. Christian Morality. § 95. The Church and Public Amusements. § 96. Secular Callings and Civil Duties. § 97. The Church and Slavery. § 98. The Heathen Family. § 99. The Christian Family. § 100. Brotherly Love, and Love for Enemies. § 101. Prayer and Fasting. § 102. Treatment of the Dead § 103. Summary of Moral Reforms. CHAPTER IX:
§ 105. Heretical and Catholic Asceticism. § 106. Voluntary Poverty. § 107. Voluntary Celibacy. § 108. Celibacy of the Clergy.
§ 110. External History of Montanism. § 111. Character and Tenets of Montanism.
§ 113. Nazarenes and Ebionites (Elkesaites, Mandaeans). § 114. The Pseudo-Clementine Ebionism. § 115. Gnosticism. The Literature. § 116. Meaning, Origin and Character of Gnosticism. § 117. The System of Gnosticism. Its Theology. § 118. Ethics of Gnosticism. § 119. Cultus and Organization. § 120. Schools of Gnosticism. § 121. Simon Magus and the Simonians. § 122. The Nicolaitans. § 123. Cerinthus. § 124. Basilides. § 125. Valentinus. § 126. The School of Valentinus. Heracleon, Ptolemy, Marcos, Bardesanes, Harmonius. § 127. Marcion and his School. § 128. The Ophites. The Sethites. The Peratae. The Cainites § 129. Saturninus (Satornilos). § 130. Carpocrates. § 131. Tatian and the Encratites. § 132. Justin the Gnostic. § 133. Hermogenes. § 134. Other Gnostic Sects. § 135. Mani and the Manichaeans. § 136. The Manichaean System. CHAPTER XII: The Development of Catholic Theology. § 137. Catholic Orthodoxy. § 138. The Holy Scriptures and the Canon. § 139. Catholic Tradition. § 140. The Rule of Faith and the Apostles’ Creed. § 141. Variations of the Apostles’ Creed. § 142. God and the Creation. § 143. Man and the Fall. § 144. Christ and the Incarnation. § 145. The Divinity of Christ. § 146. The Humanity of Christ. § 147. The Relation of the Divine and the Human in Christ. § 148. The Holy Spirit. § 149. The Holy Trinity. § 150. Antitrinitarians. First Class: The Alogi,Theodotus, Artemon, Paul of Samosata. § 151. Second Class of Antitrinitarians: Praxeas, Noëtus, Callistus, Berryllus. § 152. Sabellianism. § 153. Redemption. § 154. Other Doctrines. § 155. Eschatology. Immortality and Resurrection. § 156. Between Death and Resurrection. § 157. After Judgment. Future Punishment. § 158. Chiliasm. CHAPTER XIII: Ecclesiastical Literature of the Ante-Nicene Age, and Biographical Sketches of the Church Fathers. § 159. Literature. § 160. A General Estimate of the Fathers. § 161. The Apostolic Fathers. § 162. Clement of Rome. § 163. The Pseudo-Clementine Works. § 164. Ignatius of Antioch. § 165. The Ignatian Controversy. § 166. Polycarp of Smyrna. § 167. Barnabas. § 168. Hermas. § 169. Papias. § 170. The Epistle to Diognetus. § 171. Sixtus of Rome. § 172. The Apologists. Quadratus and Aristides. § 173. Justin the Philosopher and Martyr. § 174. The Other Greek Apologists. Tatian. § 175. Athenagoras. § 176. Theophilus of Antioch. § 177. Melito of Sardis. § 178. Apolinarius of Hierapolis. Miltiades. § 179. Hermias. § 180. Hegesippus. § 181. Dionysius of Corinth. § 182. Irenaeus § 183. Hippolytus. § 184. Caius of Rome. § 185. The Alexandrian School of Theology. § 186. Clement of Alexandria. § 187. Origen. § 188. The Works of Origen. § 189. Gregory Thaumaturgus. § 190. Dionysius the Great. § 191. Julius Africanus. § 192. Minor Divines of the Greek Church. § 193. Opponents of Origen. Methodius § 194. Lucian of Antioch. § 195. The Antiochian School. § 196. Tertullian and the African School. § 197. The Writings of Tertullian. § 198; Minucius Felix. § 199. Cyprian. § 200. Novatian. § 201. Commodian. § 202. Arnobius. § 203. Victorinus of Petau. § 204. Eusebius, Lactantius, Hosius. –––––––– Illustrations from the Catacombs. Alphabetical Index. HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH* contents –––––––– THIRD PERIOD THE CHURCH IN UNION WITH THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CONSTANTINE THE GREAT TO GREGORY THE GREAT. a.d. 311–590. Sources and Literature, § 1. Introduction and General View. CHAPTER I. DOWNFALL OF HEATHENISM AND VICTORY OF CHRISTIANITY N THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Sources and Literature, § 2. Constantine The Great. a.d. 306–337. § 3. The Sons of Constantine. a.d. 337–361. § 4. Julian the Apostate, and the Reaction of Paganism. a.d. 361–363. § 5. From Jovian to Theodosius. a.d. 363–392. § 6. Theodosius the Great and his Successors. a.d. 392–550. § 7. The Downfall of Heathenism.
§ 8. Heathen Polemics. New Objections. § 9. Julian’s Attack upon Christianity. § 10. The Heathen Apologetic Literature. § 11. Christian Apologists and Polemics. § 12. Augustine’s City of God. Salvianus. CHAPTER III. ALLIANCE OF CHURCH AND STATE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC MORALS AND RELIGION. Sources and Literature, § 13. The New Position of the, Church in the Empire. § 14. Rights and Privileges of the Church. Secular Advantages. § 15. Support of the Clergy. § 16. Episcopal Jurisdiction and Intercession. § 17. Legal Sanction of Sunday. § 18. Influence of Christianity on Civil Legislation. The Justinian Code. § 19. Elevation of Woman and the Family. § 20. Social Reforms. The Institution of Slavery. § 21. Abolition of Gladiatorial Shows. § 22. Evils of the Union of Church and State. Secularization of the Church. § 23. Worldliness and Extravagance. § 24. Byzantine Court Christianity. § 25. Intrusion of Politics into Religion. § 26. The Emperor-Papacy and the Hierarchy. § 27. Restriction of Religious Freedom, and Beginnings of Persecution of Heretics. CHAPTER IV. MONASTICISM. Sources and Literature, § 28. Origin of Christian Monasticism. Comparison with other forms of Asceticism. § 29. Development of Monasticism. § 30. Nature and Aim of Monasticism. § 31. Monasticism and the Bible. § 32. Lights and Shades of Monastic Life. § 33. Position of Monks in the Church. § 34. Influence and Effect of Monasticism. § 35. Paul of Thebes and St. Anthony. § 36. Spread of Anchoretism. Hilarion. § 37. St. Symeon and the Pillar Saints. § 38. Pachomius and the Cloister life. § 39. Fanatical and Heretical Monastic Societies in The East. § 40. Monasticism in the West. Athanasius, Ambrose, Augustine, Martin of Tours. § 41. St. Jerome as a Monk. § 42. St. Paula. § 43. Benedict of Nursia. § 44. The Rule of St. Benedict. § 45. The Benedictines. Cassiodorus. § 46. Opposition to Monasticism. Jovinian. § 47. Helvidius, Vigilantius, and Aerius.
THE HIERARCHY AND POLITY OF THE CHURCH. Sources and Literature, § 48. Schools of the Clergy. § 49. Clergy and Laity. Elections. § 50. Marriage and Celibacy of the Clergy. § 51. Moral Character of the Clergy in general. § 52. The Lower Clergy. § 53. The Bishops. § 54. Organization of the Hierarchy: Country Bishop, City Bishops, and Metropolitans. § 55. The Patriarchs. § 56. Synodical Legislation on the Patriarchal Power and Jurisdiction. § 57. The Rival Patriarchs of Old and New Rome. § 58. The Latin Patriarch. § 59. Conflicts and Conquests of the Latin Patriarchate. § 60. The Papacy. § 61. Opinions of the Fathers. § 62. The Decrees of Councils on the Papal Authority. § 63. Leo the Great. a.d. 440–461. § 64. The Papacy from Leo I to Gregory I. a.d. 461–590. § 65. The Synodical System. The Ecumenical Councils. § 66. List of the Ecumenical Councils of the Ancient Church, § 67. Books of Ecclesiastical Law.
CHURCH DISCIPLINE AND SCHISMS. Sources and Literature, § 68. Decline of Discipline. § 69. The Donatist Schism. External History. § 70. Augustine and the Donatists. Their Persecution and Extinction. § 71. Internal History of the Donatist Schism. Dogma of the Church. § 72. The Roman Schism of Damasus and Ursinus. § 73. The Meletian Schism at Antioch.
PUBLIC WORSHIP AND RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS AND CEREMONIES. Sources and Literature, § 74. The Revolution in Cultus. § 75. The Civil and Religious Sunday. § 76. The Church Year. § 77. The Christmas Cycle. § 78. The Easter Cycle. § 79. The Time of the Easter Festival. § 80. The Cycle of Pentecost. § 81. The Exaltation of the Virgin Mariology. § 82. Mariolatry. § 83. The Festivals of Mary. § 84. The Worship of Martyrs and Saints. § 85. Festivals of the Saints. § 86. The Christian Calendar. The Legends of the Saints. The Acta Sanctorum. § 87. Worship of Relics. Dogma of the Resurrection. Miracles of Relics. § 88. Observations on the Miracles of the Nicene Age. § 89. Processions and Pilgrimages. § 90. Public Worship of the Lord’s Day. Scripture-Reading and Preaching. § 91. The Sacraments in General. § 92. Baptism. § 93. Confirmation. § 94. Ordination. § 95. The Sacrament of the Eucharist. § 96. The Sacrifice of the Eucharist. § 97. The Celebration o f the Eucharist. § 98. The Liturgies. Their Origin and Contents. § 99. The Oriental Liturgies. § 100. The Occidental Liturgies. § 101. Liturgical Vestments.
CHRISTIAN ART. Sources and Literature, § 102. Religion and Art. § 103. Church Architecture. § 104. The Consecration of Churches. § 105. Interior Arrangement of Churches. § 106. Architectural Style. The Basilicas. § 107. The Byzantine Style. § 108. Baptisteries. Grave-Chapels, and Crypts. § 109. Crosses and Crucifixes. § 110. Images of Christ. § 111. Images of Madonna and Saints. § 112. Consecrated Gifts. § 113. Church Poetry and Music. § 114. The Poetry of the Oriental Church. § 115. The Latin Hymn. § 116. The Latin Poets and Hymns. CHAPTER IX. THEOLOGY. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECUMENICAL ORTHODOXY. Sources and Literature, § 117. General Observations. Doctrinal Importance of the Period. Influence of the Ancient Philosophy. § 118. Sources of Theology. Scripture and Tradition.
§ 119. The Arian Controversy down to the Council of Nicaea, 318–325. § 120. The Council of Nicaea, 325. § 121. The Arian and Semi-Arian Reaction, a.d. 325–361. § 122. The Final Victory of Orthodoxy, and the Council of Constantinople, 381. § 123. The Theological Principles involved: Import of the Controversy. § 124. Arianism. § 125. Semi-Arianism. § 126. Revived Sabellianism. Marcellus and Photinus. § 127. The Nicene Doctrine of the Consubstantiality of the Son with the Father. § 128. The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit. § 129. The Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creed. § 130. The Nicene, Doctrine of the Trinity. The Trinitarian Terminology. § 131. The Post-Nicene Trinitarian Doctrine of Augustine. § 132. The Athanasian Creed.
§ 134. The Origenistic Controversy in Egypt and Constantinople. Theophilus and Chrysostom a.d. 399–407. III. – The Christological Controversies. Directory: schaff -> history -> rtf rtf -> History of the christian church rtf -> History of the christian church rtf -> By philip schaff christianus sum. Christiani nihil a me alienum puto volume II ante-nicene christiainity rtf -> History of the christian church rtf -> History of the christian church rtf -> History of the christian church rtf -> History of the christian church rtf -> History of the Christian Church Thml template 99 rtf -> History of the Christian Church Thml template 99 rtf -> This volume constitutes the second part of the history of the reformation Download 353.4 Kb. Share with your friends:
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