History of Medicine Egyptians

 

Egyptians

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  1700 BC Edwin Smith Papyrus
  
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  Reveals that Egyptians recognized a relationship between the ___________________________________________________
  
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  Anatomical education was the embalming process:
  
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    Removal of the perishable parts of the body such as the _________________, ______________________, and __________________________ to preserve the rest of the body.
    

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  Egyptians evolved an extensive medical vocabulary and wrote the first medical texts
  
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  Topics included: effects of injury, diseases, experiments in surgery and pharmacy.
  
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  They learned to use splints and bandages with skill.
  

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  Early Greek medicine focuses largely on ______________________________________________________________.
  
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  The Greeks establish and erect grand temples to worship Asclepius, the god of healing.
  
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  Believe sickness to be both psychic and physical.
  
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    To heal the psyche, worshippers listen to music and have their dreams interpreted while staying in the temple
    
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  Healers use local vegetation to make ointments and other herbal remedies
  
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  Hippocrates developed:
  

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  Doctors of the Middle Ages often practiced accurate diagnostic techniques for ailments but then treated them with irrelevant and sometimes fatal cures.
  
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  Believed disease, illness, and death was caused by __________________________, ______________________________, and ____________________________.
  
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  By the end of the 1500s, physicians across Europe were required by law to calculate the position of the moon before carrying out complicated medical procedures, such as surgery or bleeding
  

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  Greeks thought disease was caused by influences on the body’s blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
  
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  Doctors commonly assessed a persons humor’s (bodily fluids) to treat their ailments.
  
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  Bloodletting-
  
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  Uroscopy-
  
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  Thought to be made of 4 layers – cloudiness at the top indicated a disease of the head, bottom layer indicated a bladder disorder, and so on
  

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  Trephination
  
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    Performed to release the body of “spirits” of people suffering from fractures, epilepsy, migraines, and depression.
    
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  No drugs needed because scalp is insensitive to pain
  
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  Surgery lasted 30 minutes to several hours
  
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  About half the patients survived (remarkably)
  

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  Paracelsius and Vesalius’ achievement began to take off.
  
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  Technology provided the next great threshold of exploration, the invention of the microscope
  

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  Civil War
  
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    ____________________________ amputations performed during Civil War
    
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    More than 1/3 of all amputees died after surgery from _________________________________________ or ___________________________.
    
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  World War I
  
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    X-ray was invented in _____________________.
    
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    Revealed foreign objects such as shrapnel and bullets, allowing for quicker and more precise surgery.
    
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    _______________________________: a system to ration limited medical resources and treat the most patients possible. Literally means “to sort”.
    
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  World War II
  
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    By 1943, oral antibiotics like ______________________ replaced topical powders like _____________________ to beat infection.
    
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    _________________________________________________: process of separating the components of whole blood and freezing them separately for future use.
    
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  Iraq War
  
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    Bandage formed from chitin, found in ___________________________________ can help stop heavy bleeding.