In the United States
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In Europe and the Rest of the World
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Lincoln is elected President
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South Carolina secedes from the Union
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The US Secret Service is created
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The Pony Express begins its overland message delivery service
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Olympia Brown becomes the first female theology student in the US
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In Boston Elizabeth Peabody establishes the first English-language kindergarten
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Louis Agassiz rejects Darwin’s theory of evolution, citing missing links
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Alvan Clarks discovers that Sirius is a double star
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Croquet becomes a popular pastime
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1860
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Garibaldi conquers Sicily and Naples
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George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) publishes A Mill on the Floss
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Frenchman Jean J. Lenoir builds the first gas-burning engine
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Florence Nightingale founds the world’s first nursing school
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The first British Open Golf Championship is held
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Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated President
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The Confederate States of America is created
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Fort Sumter is fired on, beginning the Civil War
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Lincoln orders a blockade of Southern ports
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The South defeats the North in the First Battle of Bull Run
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Kansas is admitted to the Union
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Matthew Brady begins his photographic chronicling of the Civil War
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Elisha Otis patents a steam-powered elevator
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The transcontinental telegraph line makes the Pony Express obsolete
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Eberhard Faber opens a pencil factory in New York
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Vassar College – first women’s college fully equal to a men’s college – is founded
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The US Postal Service begins carrying merchandise in addition to letters
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First federal income tax enacted
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1861
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Unification of Italy
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Czar Alexander II abolishes serfdom in Russia
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Prince Albert, consort of Queen Victoria, dies – leading the queen into 3 years of mourning
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The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia unite to form Romania
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According to some, Edouard Manet’s Spanish Singer marks the beginning of Impressionism
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Charles Dickens publishes Great Expectations
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George Eliot publishes Silas Marner
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Gustave Doré illustrates Dante’s Inferno
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The Royal Academy of Music is founded in London
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The first horse-drawn trams begin operation in London
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Grant takes Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee
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The ironclads Monitor and Merrimack fight to a draw
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Grant wins the Battle of Shiloh
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The bloodiest battle in American history – Antietam – is fought
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Morrill Land Grant Act passed
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Congress authorizes the printing of “greenbacks” – the first national currency
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Gail Borden patent a process for concentrating fruit juice
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Julia Ward Howe writes “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”
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Abraham Jacobi opens the first pediatric clinic in America
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Richard J. Gatling invents the Gatling gun
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1862
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Otto von Bismarck advocates the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership
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Nicaragua, Honduras and San Salvador make an unsuccessful attempt to forma Central American union
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Foucault measures the speed of light
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France begins to occupy Indo-China
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Victor Hugo publishes Les Misérables
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Jean J. Lenoir builds the first automobile with and internal combustion engine
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Swiss philanthropist Jean Henri Dunant proposes the creation of the Red Cross
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Emancipation Proclamation issued
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West Virginia admitted to the Union
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Lee wins the Battle of Chancellorsburg
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Union forces win the Battle of Gettysburg
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Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address
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Homestead Act passed
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New York draft riots
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Stephen Collins Foster composes “Beautiful Dreamer”
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Samuel Langhorne Clemens adopts the penname Mark Twain
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Ralph Waldo Emerson praises the Emancipation Proclamation in his “Boston Hymn”
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Thomas Bishop writes the lyrics for “When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again”
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The National Academy of Sciences is founded in Washington, DC
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Ebenezer Butterick invents the first paper dress patterns sold in the US
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James L. Plimpton introduces roller skating to Americans
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1863
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Danish Prince George is selected to be King of Greece (after the English poet Lord Byron turns down the position)
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French troops occupy Mexico City – Maximilian of Austria declared Emperor of Mexico
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Civil war breaks out in Uruguay
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Ismail Pasha, the new king of Egypt, initiates modernization
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Edouard Manet paints Luncheon on the Grass
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Jules Verne publishes Five Weeks in a Balloon
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Charles Kingsley publishes the children’s book The Water-Babies
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William Huggins invents the stellar spectroscope and shows that stars are similar to the sun
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Scarlet fever kills more than 30,000 in England
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The Football (soccer) Association is founded in London
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Speke and Grant travel down the Nile to Central Africa
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Lincoln makes Grant general-in-chief of the Union Armies
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Sherman takes Atlanta and makes his destructive March to the Sea
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Admiral David Farragut defeats the Confederate Navy at Mobile
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Nevada admitted to the Union
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Lincoln wins re-election
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Thomas Doughty invents the periscope
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George Pullman builds the first railroad sleeping car (the Pullman Car)
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“In God We Trust” appears on a US coin for the first time – the two-cent piece
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The fraternal organization The Knights of Pythias is formed in Washington, DC
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1864
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Britain cedes the Ionian Islands to Greece
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Russia crushes Polish revolts and begins “russification” of Poland
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Austria and Prussia declare war on Denmark
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Russia creates the zemstvo system, a form of representational limited local government
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China suppressed the Taiping Rebellion
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Coalition of British, French, Dutch, and American warships bombard Choshu forts to halt anti-Western movements in Japan
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Jules Verne publishes A Journey to the Center of the Earth
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Charles Dickens publishes Our Mutual Friend
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Dostoevsky publishes Notes from Underground
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James Clerk Maxwell proposes the electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light
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Pasteur develops a method for “pasteurizing” wine (It will eventually lead to a similar process for milk.)
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The Geneva Convention establishes the neutrality of medics and field hospitals in war
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Jefferson Davis makes Lee general-in-chief of the Confederate Armies
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Grant surrenders to Lee at Appomattox Court House
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Lincoln assassinated
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Andrew Johnson inaugurated President
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Colorado militia suppress the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians
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13th Amendment ratified
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William Lloyd Garrison publishes the last issue of the abolitionist paper The Liberator
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MIT founded (It serves 15 students.)
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Alexander Holley produces the first American steel using the Bessemer Process
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Tony Pastor becomes the “Father of Vaudeville”
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Walt Whitman publishes Drum Taps
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Vassar appoints Maria Mitchell the first female professor of astronomy
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Chicago becomes the world’s greatest meat-packing center
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New York creates the first fire department staffed by paid fire fighters
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1865
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Peru declares war on Spain
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Joseph Lister successfully uses carbolic acid to prevent infection in a wound
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Leo Tolstoy publishes War and Peace
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Jules Verne publishes From the Earth to the Moon, predicting that America will launch the first flight to the moon
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Lewis Carroll publishes Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
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Gustave Doré makes his illustrations for the Bible
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Marquis of Queensbury Rules supplant the practice of bare-knuckled boxing
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William Booth founds and organization that will become the Salvation Army in 1878
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Office of Curriculum & Instruction/Indiana Department of Education 09/08
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