















Name: Date:
Due Date:
Essay - Compare/Contrast Mesopotamia and Egypt
Directions: You have to write or type a five-paragraph essay comparing/contrasting the Egyptian and
Mesopotamian/Sumerian civilizations. You will use this guide to help you write the essay. These sheets need to be stapled to the back of your essay.
Introductory Paragraph
1. Why did people tend to settle in river valleys in the ancient world? (p. 13 of Notes)
a. drinking water for humans and animals
b. water for crops and plants
c. source of food for fishing and hunting
d. transportation and trade
Be sure to include topics you will discuss in your body
paragraphs.
2. Thesis: The Mesopotamian and Egyptian societies are (more similar than they are different - OR- more different than they
are similar).
Body Paragraphs
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Topics
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Mesopotamia/Sumer
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Egypt
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Environmental
Patterns
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Tigris and Euphrates
Unpredictable floods
Open plain - no natural barriers
Irrigation ditches
Built city walls
Traded with people of mountains and deserts
Limited natural resources
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Nile - predictable flooding
Flows north
Has cataracts - waterfalls
Rich soil from the flooding
Vast deserts are natural barriers
Egyptians had to stay close to the river
Sandstorms
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Political
Patterns
(describe the
government/
important rulers)
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Temple priests had all the power (early)
Commanders soon gained permanent control of Ramses II - building/architecture
the armies
Rulers began
Dynasties
Sargon of Akkad - 1st empire in the world
Hammurabi - law code
Sumerians built a number of cities by 3000BC
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Pharaohs - god-kings, reps of the gods
Theocracy - gov ruled by religion
Menes united Egypt in 3100 BC
Pyramids
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Religious Patterns
(type of religion/
important gods)
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Polytheism - many gods
Described gods as having human characteristics
Believed dead souls went to Land of No Return
Enlil - god of clouds and air
Epic of Gilgamesh - story of god king looking for
Immortality
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Ra - sun god
Horus
Polytheistic
Mummification
Osiris - god of dead - weighs heart of the dead -
if lighter than a feather, go to happy place; if
heavier, go to Devourer of Souls
Theocracy
Pharaohs - god-kings, reps of the gods
Pyramids
Buried with all material items you’ll “need”
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Social Patterns
(writing style,
innovations,
hierarchy)
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Cuneiform - wedged shaped writing
Created: wheel, sail, plow, number system based
on 60
classes: 1. Kings and queens, 2. Wealthy
merchants, 3. Farmers, 4. Slaves
First to use Bronze
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Hieroglyphics - Rosetta Stone to translate
Used geometry, developed calendar
Medical: fix bones, take heart rate, surgery
Hierarchy: 1. Kings, queens and royal family, 2.
Wealthy landowners, 3. Merchants and
artisans, 4. Peasants, farmers, unskilled
laborers
Women held many of the same rights as men
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Concluding Paragraph
No new information should be presented here. This should summarize your arguments and restate your thesis.
Summary:
Rubric for Assessment of Essay—Writing Skills
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Skill
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“Look For”
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Yes
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No
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Points
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SS1: Constructing and Evaluating
Arguments
CS22: Following Conventions of Writing
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1. Does the essay contain 3 content paragraphs (5 total)
with evidence and explanation that support the thesis?
(2 points)
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CS20: Organizing and managing
information to solve multi-step problems
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2. Does the essay show evidence of being graphically
organized or outlined before writing began?
(2 points)
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CS21: Being precise and clear in writing
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3. Does the essay employ correct grammar?
(1 point)
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CS10: Understand difficult vocabulary
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4. Does the essay use appropriate vocabulary in the
correct context?
(1 point)
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CS21: Being precise and clear in writing
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5. Does the essay make its arguments or points with an
economy of words? Did you get to the point?
(1 point)
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CS22: Following conventions of writing
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6. Does the essay have a clear topic sentence or thesis?
(Introductory Paragraph)
(2 points)
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CS24: Structure cohesive essay with
topic sentences, evidence and conclusion
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7. Does the essay have a clear conclusion that relates to
the content and thesis statement?
(2 points)
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Total Points _______
(Maximum: 11 points)
Rubric for Assessment of Essay — Additional Writing Skills
1. Do NOT use one or two sentences as a paragraph. Paragraphs must be at least four sentences.
2. Each paragraph must stick to the subject introduced by the first sentence in that paragraph.
3. Do NOT misspell words. Misspelling words is a sign of carelessness. Du nat bee cairless! Use spell check, a
dictionary, or a literate friend to check your spelling.
4. Do NOT use the first or second person - I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, your, yours, etc.
5. Support your ideas with concrete examples from reliable sources (in this case, the notes).
6. Should we ask rhetorical questions in our paper? NO! Avoid rhetorical questions.
7. Write about works of art or buildings in the present tense. The Great Pyramid of Giza will still be standing in
Egypt long after your great, great, great grandchildren have forgotten your name.
8. Use comfortable words you understand. Only English teachers and college professors are impressed with big words.
9. Use a font that is easy to read - Calibri, Times New Roman, Arial, etc.
10. Double space your paper.
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Skill
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“Look For”
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Yes
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No
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Points
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CS22: Following conventions of writing
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1. Quality of essay
(5 points)
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CS22: Following Conventions of
Writing
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2. Did you follow Jason’s Picky Writing Rules as
listed above
(10 points)
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Total Points _______
(Maximum: 15 points)
River Valley Civilizations:
Compare and contrast an ancient Mesopotamian society and ancient Egyptian civilization. Why might these two societies differ or why might they have similarities?
Concentrate on the years 3500 to 500 BCE. Be sure to divide your descriptions and comparisons into three of the following categories: Environmental patterns, Religious patterns, Political patterns, Social patterns
Content Rubric
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Skill
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“Look For”
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Yes
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No
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Points
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SS5: Analyzing and evaluating trends in
human movement
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Does the essay explain why people tended to settle in
river valleys in the ancient world?
(4 points)
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SS6: Identify and describe major
geographic features important to the
study of World History
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Does the essay describe the specific geographic
features of Mesopotamia and Egypt that affected the
way people lived in these places?
(4 points)
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WH1: Identify and analyze global
patterns over time and connect local and
global patterns
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Does the essay list and describe features of two
societies that are similar or different?
(4 points)
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WH1: Identify and analyze global
patterns over time and connect local and
global patterns
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Does the essay explain how certain features of each
society can be related to global or universal issues?
(4 points)
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WH2: Comparing Societies
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Does the essay explain how certain specific features of
each society might be similar?
(4 points)
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WH3: Recognizing universal commonalities
without erasing cultural uniqueness
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Does the essay give examples of the ways in which two
societies can have similar structures, but distinctive or
specific features?
(4 points)
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Total Points ______
(Maximum: 24 points)
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Total Point Tallies
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Points
Earned
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Points
Possible
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Subtotal for Writing skills
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11
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Subtotal for Newman’s Additional Writing skills
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15
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Subtotal for Content
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24
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Penalties - Is it on time? 5 points for every day it is late (up to 15 points off)
Are these two sheets stapled to the back of your essay? (2 points off)
Is your name and period number on the front, top-left corner of your essay? (3 points off)
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0
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Final Total
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50
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