Greek Golden Age (mid 400’s bc) Occurred under rule of Pericles between the Persian

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  Occurred under rule of Pericles between the Persian (Athenian victory) and the Peloponnesian Wars (Athenian defeat)
  
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  Pericles extended democracy; most adult males had equal voice.
  
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  Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in Persian Wars; the Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction.
  

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  Homer – earliest poet, was blind
  

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  Iliad and Odyssey
  

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  Aeschylus –The earliest writer of tragedy
  

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  Main characters suffer and eventually die or suffer some tragic end (Oresteia)
  
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  Orestria details the events of the
  

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  Sophocles – wrote the tragedy Oedipus Rex
  

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  Pulled from his experiences in the Peloponnesian War
  
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  Details a man who was prophesized to kill his dad and marry his mom
  

Philosophy: the Love of Wisdom

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  Used the Socratic Method to question knowledge and the process of learning
  
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  Asked questions and then questioned the answers
  

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  His questioning was applied to the concept of Greek Religion (whoops)
  
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  Arrested for corrupting minors
  
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  was forced to drink poison
  

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  Plato: Student of Socrates
  

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  Founded the world’s first university, The Academy
  
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  Wrote the Republic , (first political science book) discussed the ideal government
  

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  Gov. should limit freedoms to keep order
  
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  People should not rely on the senses to find the truth; use reasoning and logic
  

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  Tutored Alexander the Great
  

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  Theory of Natural causes of disease
  

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  Sickness not due to gods
  

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  “The Hippocratic Oath” taken still by doctors
  

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  Herodotus – “Father of History”
  

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  Wrote about the Persian War
  

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  Thucydides – Better organized facts
  

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  Wrote of the Peloponnesian War
  

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  Discovered:
  

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  Principle of the lever and compound pulley
  
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  Buoyancy “Eureka!”
  
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  Water Screw
  

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  Pythagoras – Described the world in mathematical terms
  

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  The nature of numbers
  
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  Pythagorean Theorem
  

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  Euclid – Organized all facts of Geometry
  

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  Considered the “father of geometry”
  

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  Background: Greece was weak due to the Peloponnesian War
  

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  Conquered most of Greece
  
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  Was assassinated by a noble
  
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  The Noble tripped and was killed on the spot by family friends
  

King Philip’s Kingdom

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  Established an empire from Greece to Egypt to Persia to India
  
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  Extended Greek culture
  
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  Died of Malaria
  

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  Began at Alexander’s Death (323BC)
  
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  Blend of Greek and oriental elements
  
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  Spread of Hellenistic culture through trade
  

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  an example of Hellenistic Culture
  

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  Columns: look at the types below
  
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  Note that the Parthenon, whose statue of Athena was sculpted by Phidias had the first type