Greek Accomplishments

Date: ___________________________________________________________________ Collier High

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  About 1200 B.C., the _________________ fought the Trojan War with the city of Troy in Anatolia.
  
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  At the same time, _______________ invaded the Mycenaean homeland
  
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  From 1100 to 800 B.C., ___________ reigned throughout the eastern Mediterranean
  
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  In the absence of a _______________ state or empire, local institutions took the lead in
  

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  The Trojans were people from ancient __________ (Turkey).
  
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  The Trojan War was fought between the Trojans and the ___________ over the beautiful
  

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  The Greeks wanted to sneak into the gates of Ancient Troy, so they built a giant wooden
  

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  Two epic poems by Homer “___________” and “__________” describe the Trojan War
  
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  Approximately 1194-1184 BCE
  
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  Helen of Sparta + ________________ of Troy  “the face that launched a thousand ships”
  

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  Epic: a long poem which tells a story involving gods, heroes, and heroic exploits:
  
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    Iliad: Greek perspective on the war against Troy in the 12^th century B.C.
    
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    Odyssey: Experiences of the Greek hero _____________ as he sailed home after the
    

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  Greek ___________ challenged the belief that events were caused by the whims of gods.
  
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  Instead, they used ___________ and reason to find causes for events.
  
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  The Greeks called these thinkers ________________, meaning “lovers of wisdom.”
  
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  Greek philosophers explored many subjects, from mathematics and music to logic, or ______________ thinking.
  
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  Through ____________ and observation, they believed, they could discover laws that governed the universe.
  
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  Much modern science traces its roots to the Greek search for such _______________.
  

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  Other Greek Philosophers were more interested in ___________ and morality.
  
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  They debated such questions as what was the best kind of ________________ and what standards should rule human behavior.
  

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  One outspoken critic of the Sophists was Socrates, an ___________ stonemason and philosopher.
  
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  Most of what we know about Socrates comes from his student _____________.
  
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  Socrates himself wrote no books. Instead, he passed his days in the ______________ asking people about their beliefs.
  
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  Using a process we now call the Socratic ___________, he would pose a series of
  

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  When he was about 70 years old, Socrates was put on ____________. His enemies
  

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  Standing before a jury of 501 citizens, Socrates offered a calm and reasoned defense. But
  

the death penalty. He drank a cup of _____________, a deadly poison.

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  The execution of Socrates left Plato with a lifelong distrust of ______________.
  
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  He fled Athens for 10 years. When he returned, he set up a school called the __________. There, he taught and wrote about his own ideas
  
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  In his book The ____________, Plato described his vision of an ideal state.
  
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    He rejected Athenian democracy because it had ______________ Socrates just as it tended to other excesses.
    
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    Instead, Plato argued that the ________ should regulate every aspect of its citizens’ lives in order to provide for their best interests
    
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  He divided his ideal society into three classes:
  
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    ___________ to produce the necessities of life,
    
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    _____________ to defend the state,
    
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    ______________ to rule. This elite class of leaders would be specially trained to ensure order and justice. The wisest of them, a philosopher-king, would have the ultimate authority.
    

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  Plato’s most famous student, ___________, developed his own ideas about government.
  
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  He analyzed all forms of government, from ______________ to democracy, and found good and bad examples of each.
  
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  Like Plato, he was suspicious of democracy, which he thought could lead to ______ rule.
  
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  In the end, he favored rule by a ____________ strong and virtuous leader
  
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  He left ___________ on politics, ethics, logic, biology, literature, and many other subjects.
  
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  When the first European _____________ evolved some 1,500 years later, their courses
  

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  Greek architects sought to convey a sense of perfect ___________ to reflect the _________ and order of the universe.
  
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  The most famous example of Greek architecture is the ________________, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.
  
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  Greek architecture has been widely admired for centuries. Today, many public buildings
  

______________, in their designs.

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  Early Greek ____________ carved figures in rigid poses, perhaps imitating Egyptian styles.
  
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  By 450 B.C., Greek sculptors had developed a new style that emphasized more
  

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  While their work was lifelike, it was also ____________. That is, sculptors carved gods,
  

____________, graceful form.

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  Ideals of classical art—Order, _________ and Proportion
  
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  Sculptures show ___________, serenity, strength and perfection
  
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  Most Greek Sculptures exist today because the _____________ copied them
  

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  The only Greek paintings to survive are on ____________.
  
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  They offer intriguing views of every day Greek ____________.
  
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    Women carry water from wells.
    
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    warriors race into battle, and athletes compete in javelin contests.
    
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  Each scene is designed to fit the _____________ of the pottery.
  

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  Greek poems and stories are the oldest in the ____________ world and serve as models for European and American poems and stories.
  
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  An ________ is a long poem about heroic deeds.
  
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  The first great epics were the Iliad and the Odyssey, written by Homer.
  
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  The Greeks believed these two epics were _________ history.
  
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  A slave named Aesop wrote many fable.
  
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    A __________ is a short tale that teaches a lesson.
    
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    Fables were passed from one person to another through ________ traditions.
    

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  Began in 776 BC in the city-state of ______________.
  
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  Held to honor __________.
  
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  _______________ first included footraces then wrestling, boxing, javelin, discus throwing
  

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  The _____________ event combined wrestling and boxing and had no rules except
  

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  Winner would receive a _____________ of Olive leaves
  

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  The ancient Greeks created great __________ and works of literature that influence the way we speak and wrote today.
  
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  The Greeks created myths to explain the ____________.
  
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  The ancient Greeks believed in many gods. These gods were at the ____________ of Greek mythology.
  

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  Each city in Greece had a god or goddess that the citizens ______________. They built
  

offerings to the gods.

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  ______________—History of the Persian wars—often called the father of history
  

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  ______________—History of the Peloponnesian Wars
  
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    Began the scientific analysis of events based on actual _______________ accounts and factual evidence and then added their own poetic interpretations
    

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  Eratosthenes—Correctly measures the earth’s circumference.
  
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  ______________—Geocentric theory—cartography, creation of latitude/longitude
  
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  ______________—Develops a system of levers and pulleys
  
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  ______________ —Medicine
  
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  Astronomy—Aristarchus—proposed
  
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  Heliocentric theory
  
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  Anaxagoras—eclipses