Pilgrims in Stained Glass, Canterbury Cathedral

1 These general audiences can be found on the Vatican website at http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/index_en.htm. If the Holy Father has already spoken about one of the Fathers mentioned here, a specific reference to the date will be given.

2 Vincent of Lerins, A Commonitory, 57, trans. C. A. Heurtley, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Series 2, Vol. 11, (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1995), 148.

3 Boniface Ramsey, Beginning to Read the Fathers (New York: Paulist Press, 1985). This is an excellent introduction to the Church Fathers.

4 Ibid., Vincent of Lerins, A Commonitory, 152. It should be noted that St. Vincent himself is now considered one of the Church Fathers.

5 The academic study of the Church Fathers is known as Patristics or Patrology.

6 Benedict XVI, Clement of Rome, General Audience, March 7, 2007.

7 John Damascene articulated the doctrine that we venerate saints, but do not worship them; only God is to be worshiped.

8 Benedict XVI, Pope St. Leo the Great, 5 March 2008.

9 Among the notable non-bishops mentioned here were St. Hippolytus and St. Benedict of Nursia. However, they can be taken as the exceptions that prove the rule.

10 Benedict XVI, St. Athanasius, General Audience, 20 June 2007.

11 Benedict of Nursia, The Rule of St. Benedict in English 53.15, ed. Timothy Fry (Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1982), 74.

12 Egeria, Journal, XXXVII.2, trans. Louis Duschesme, found at http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mikef/durham/egeria.html

13 Benedict XVI, St. Basil, General Audiences, 4 July 2007 and 1 August 2007.

14 Benedict XVI, St. Gregory of Nyssa, General Audiences, 29 August 2007 and 5 September 2007.

15 Benedict XVI, St. Gregory Nazianzus, General Audiences, 8 August 2007 and 22 August 2007.

16 Benedict XVI, St. Ambrose, General Audiences, 24 October 2007.

17 Benedict XVI, St. Jerome, General Audiences, 7 November 2007 and 14 November 2007.

18 Benedict XVI, St. Augustine of Hippo, General Audiences, 9 January 2008, 16 January 2008, 30 January 2008, 20 February 2008, and 27 February 2008.

19 Dee Dyas, Pilgrimage in Medieval English Literature 700-1500 (Cambridge, D. S. Brewer, 2001). This is a scholarly work on this understanding of pilgrimage in the early Christian centuries.

20 Gregory of Nyssa, On Pilgrimages, Nicene and Post-Nicean Fathers, Second Series Vol. 5, Trans. William Moore (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1995) 382.

21 Ibid.

22 Ibid., 383.

23 Benedict XVI, St. Augustine of Hippo (1), General Audience 9 January 2008. Available at http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2008/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20080109_en.html

24 Catechism of the Catholic Church, Index of Citations, 742-743.

25 J. Van Oort, Jerusalem and Babylon: A study into Augustine’s “City of God” and the Sources of His Doctrine of the Two Cities (Leiden: Brill, 1991). Van Oort has cataloged all the occurrences of ‘pilgrim’ and pilgrimage’ in Augustine, 132-142.

26 Augustine, The Confession, V.xiii.23, trans. Mary Boulding (New York: New City, 1997), 131.

27 Augustine, Exposition of Psalms, Part III Vol. 17, Psalm 64.1, trans. Maria Boulding (New York: New City Press, 2003), 265.

28 Augustine, Expositions of the Psalms, Part III Vol. 19, Psalm 118 (8):1, trans. Maria Boulding (New York: New City Press, 2003), 372.

29 Ibid.

30 Augustine, Tractates on Gospel of St. John, XL.10. Erit tibi nummus instrumentum peregrinationis, non irritamentum cupiditatis; quo utaris ad necessitatem, non quo fruaris ad delectationem.

31 Ibid.

32 Augustine, City of God, XIX.14, trans. Marcus Dods (New York: Modern Library, 2000), 693.

33 Ibid. City of God, XIX.17, 696.

34 Ibid., City of God, XIX.27, 708.

35 Augustine, Letter 130, 1.1, trans. Roland Teske (New York: New City Press, 2003), 184.

36 Ibid., 2.3, 185.

37 Ibid., 5.11, 189.

38 Ibid., 9.18, 192.

39 Ibid., 9.18, 192.

40 Ibid., 10.20, 193.

41 Ibid., 13.24, 195.

42 Ibid., 14.31, 199.

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