Essential Question InspirEd Unit: Pages/Notes

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Unit 1: Human Geography

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How do physical features create regions?	** See notes	**Though not addressed in 1 particular lesson, the study of each civilization begins with an examination of geography - its region, climate, landforms, etc.
How does a location of a region influence its climate?	** See notes
How do environmental factors affect where people choose to live?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	15-19 (why people settle where they do; how does it impact a civilization?)
How can maps, charts, and graphs be used to represent features of physical geography?	“What is Geography?” add-on lessons	“What’s It All About?” - (difference between physical and cultural geography)
How can maps, charts, and graphs be used to represent features of human geography?	“What is Geography?” add-on lessons
How do environmental factors influence the ways that human societies organize themselves?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	31-34 (research a civilization to determine how environment and other factors impact a civilization)
What features define a group of people as a civilization?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	10-14 (characteristics of a civilization) Also use the chart on pgs. 8-9 to record examples of characteristics over Units 3-7)
How do civilizations maintain political order?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	35-38 (government/law) 44-49 (social order/hierarchy)
How do civilizations help people to get what they need and want?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	50-55 (barter and trade)

Extra Content Lessons Pertaining to Ancient Civilizations (for intro unit):
Geographical Theme - Human Environmental Interaction	“What is Geography?” add-on lessons	“Changing Places”
Geographical Theme - Movement	“What is Geography?” add-on lessons	“Let’s Move”
Role of religion in development of civilization (basic concept - not specific to one specific civilization)	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	56-60 (religion comes from a need to explain the world; students research to compare and contrast a myth from 2 different ancient civilizations)
Importance of culture and traditions in a civilization (basic concept - not specific to one specific civilization)	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	61-64 (research gender roles, family, marriage, homes, entertainment, social classes, etc.)
Development of language	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	65-69 (compare languages over several civilizations - students determine if each is pictographic, syllabic or alphabetic)
What can we learn from ancient cultures from artifacts?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	70-75 (examine artifacts from Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Egypt, China - Shang and Qin- Greece and Rome to make inferences)
What causes civilizations to decline and fall?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	82-86 (warm up examines the Shang, students write a short story based on decline and fall of a civilization

Unit 2: Early Humans

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
What are the markers of change over time in the development of prehistoric man?	4100 - Pre-Colonial Africa	16-20 (discoveries of Leakeys and Donald Johanson - discuss prehistoric man/artifacts/etc.)
How did life in the Neolithic period compare to life in the Paleolithic period?	4100 - Pre-Colonial Africa	30-34 (compare and contrast Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era)
How were tools/artifacts used by Neolithic man more advanced than those used by Paleolithic man?
What inventions made it possible for man to farm?
How did the invention of agriculture relate to the beginning of civilization?	**4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	**31-34 (this lesson pertains to lesson 1 but agricultural revolution is discussed in lesson warm-up)
What are the characteristics of a civilization?	**4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	**10-14 (same question as in Unit 1 - characteristics of a civilization) Also use the chart on pgs. 8-9 to record examples of characteristics over Units 3-7)
What resources do people NEED in order to survive?	**4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	**15-19 (lesson warm-up answers this question - this lesson used in Unit 1)
How would the scarcity of resources affect how and where people live?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	24-30 (how and why civilizations experience scarcity)
Why was Mesopotamia one of the earliest areas of settlement in world history?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	8-12 (geography and settlement)
How did the city-states of Mesopotamia use written language in the organization of their societies?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	19-24 (also compares to language of ancient China and India)
Why do groups of people need laws?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	41-48 (Hammurabi’s Code)
How do the laws of Hammurabi compare to our laws today?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	41-48 (Hammurabi’s Code)

Unit 3: Ancient China

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How did Chinese geography influence China’s relationship with the rest of the world?	4103 - Ancient Asia	74-78 (lesson focus is the Silk Road but also discusses relations with Rome and shows map of interactions with Africa, Middle East and Europe)
How did Chinese rivers positively and negatively affect early Chinese civilizations?	4103 - Ancient Asia * 4109 - Middle Ages Asia *	** Ancient and Middle Ages China lessons listed here and in Unit 11 address the importance of rivers, flooding, irrigation projects, etc.
How does specialization develop in society?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	39-43 (addresses basic concept of specialization of labor and how it leads to social hierarchy - can be applied to Ancient China)
How did the development of trade goods in Neolithic China reflect the needs of Neolithic society?
How did the flooding of the Yellow River affect the history of the Xia Dynasty?	4103 - Ancient Asia	46-50 (Xia Dynasty)
How did Xia success at controlling the floods of the Yellow River affect Chinese civilization?	4103 - Ancient Asia	46-50 (Xia Dynasty)
How did natural resources affect the achievements of the Shang Dynasty?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	76-81 (survey of achievements of several ancient civilizations including Shang, Harappa, Sumerians, Egypt, etc.
How do innovations and technologies influence society?	4103 - Ancient Asia	79-83 (mini persuasive project over Ancient Chinese contributions)
How did the Mandate of Heaven develop?	4103 - Ancient Asia	57-62 (Mandate of Heaven, dynastic cycle, Confucian teachings in government)
How did geography impact conflicts between kings and nobles under the Zhou dynasty?
How did Confucianism and Daoism create order in ancient China?	4103 - Ancient Asia	51-56 (Confucianism and Daoism)

Unit 4: Ancient India

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How did the geography of the Indian subcontinent isolate India from the rest of the world?	4103 - Ancient Asia	8-14 (geography, culture, government, achievement, etc. of Harappan Civilization)
How did the isolation of the Indus Valley affect the culture of the Harappan civilization?
How did the needs and values of the Harappans influence their achievements?
How did geography and culture influence the Aryans’ ability to conquer the Harappans?	4103 - Ancient Asia	15-19 (Aryan Invasion and Vedic Age)
How did the Aryan conquest of the Harappan civilization change the culture of northern India?	4103 - Ancient Asia	15-19 (Aryan Invasion and Vedic Age)
Extra Content Lessons Pertaining to Ancient India:
***Cultural Achievements of Ancient India	4103 - Ancient Asia	42-45 (Internet research project of achievements of Harappan, Aryan and Mauryan civilizations)

Unit 5: Egypt and Mesopotamia

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
What are the major geographic features of ancient Egypt?	4102 - Ancient Egypt	8-11 and 12-16 (importance of the Nile River, kingdoms along the river, etc.)
How did the geography of ancient Egypt affect the culture of the ancient Egyptians?	4102 - Ancient Egypt
What were the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Egyptians?	4102 - Ancient Egypt	28-33 (life and afterlife)
What were the major achievements of the ancient Egyptians?	4102 - Ancient Egypt	51-54 (hieroglyphics)
How did architecture and other achievements reflect the religious values of ancient Egypt?	4102 - Ancient Egypt	34-39 (mummification) 40-45 (tombs/pyramids)
How did technology cause ancient Egypt to gain and lose power?	4102 - Ancient Egypt	21-27 (overview of periods of history, pharaohs, accomplishment sand setbacks, etc.)
How did invasions cause Egyptian culture to change?	4102 - Ancient Egypt	81-86 (Cleopatra and Roman conquest)
What were the major achievements of the Ptolemaic dynasties in Egypt?	4102 - Ancient Egypt	17-20 (overview of rulers, research lesson that can be used to target this time period and its rulers)
How and why do powerful civilizations sometimes form empires?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	34-40 (Sargon and Hammurabi, compare empires, etc.)
How did Sargon and Hammurabi create and strengthen the Akkadian empire?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	34-40 (Sargon and Hammurabi, compare empires, etc.)
How did empires after Akkadia—the Hittites, Assyria, the NeoBabylonians, Persia—rise and fall?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	78-82 (Assyrians) 83-86 (Persians)
How did the culture of Mesopotamia change as different empires gained and lost power?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	87-91 (research project)

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
Extra Content Lessons Pertaining to Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt:
*** Creation stories	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	13-18 (compare and contrast stories from Mesopotamia, Islam and the Old Testament)
***Ancient Sumer	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	25-33 (geography, culture, achievement of Ancient Sumer)
*** Hanging Gardens of Babylon	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	49-54 (wonders of the ancient world, history mystery of hanging gardens)
***Phoenicians	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	55-59 (ancient trade)
*** Daily Life in Mesopotamia	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	60-63 (diet, customs, family life, etc.)
***Mythology of Mesopotamia	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	64-66 (mythology of Ancient Mesopotamia)
*** King Tut	4102 - Ancient Egypt	46-50 (artifacts, King Tut’s tomb)
*** Daily life in Ancient Egypt	4102 - Ancient Egypt	59-66 (diet, homes, clothing, etc)
*** Trade in Ancient Egypt	4102 - Ancient Egypt	67-74 (local market) 75-80 (foreign trade)
*** Ancient Egypt Project	4102 - Ancient Egypt	87-90 (cumulative project for Ancient Egypt unit)

Unit 6: Ancient Greece

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
What are the major physical features of Greece?	4104 - Ancient Greece	8-13 (geography, climate, landforms, how different parts of Greece were isolated from each other)
How did the geography of Greece isolate developing city-states?	4104 - Ancient Greece
How do physical features affect economy?	4104 - Ancient Greece	33-36 (how Greece “made do” with the resources they had - limited farmland, etc. - and trade)
What did Greece need to develop a system of money?	4104 - Ancient Greece
How did city-states develop politically?	4104 - Ancient Greece	23-26 (students research a city-state to compare and contrast to others)
How did Greek government evolve from a monarchy to a democracy?	4104 - Ancient Greece	27-32 (development of democracy in Greece, how the government was structured, rights and responsibilities of citizens, compare and contrast to the U.S.)
What are the characteristics of a democracy?
What are the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a society?
Who was a citizen in Athens and what were their rights and responsibilities?
What are the cultural characteristics of Ancient Greece?	4104 - Ancient Greece	44-47 (literature) 48-53 (philosophy) 54-56 (mythology) 57-62 (Olympics) 63-67 (architecture) 86-89 (culture project)
How did Alexander the Great unify Greece?	4104 - Ancient Greece	82-85 (unification under Alexander the Great, building of an empire, achievements, preservation of Greek culture, legacy)
How did the conquests of Alexander the Great spread Greek culture?
Why did Alexander the Great’s empire not last?
Extra Content Lessons Pertaining to Ancient Greece:
*** Persian Wars and Golden Age	4104- Ancient Greece	37-43 (causes, events, outcomes; includes story of the “marathon” and Pericles)
*** More Achievements of the Ancient Greeks	4104- Ancient Greece	68-72 (medicine, math, etc.)
*** Peloponnesian Wars	4104- Ancient Greece	73-79 (includes description of Spartan soldiers and causes/events/outcomes)

Unit 7: Ancient Rome

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How does the myth of Remus and Romulus explain the foundation of Rome?	4105 - Ancient Rome	8-13 (myth of Romulus and Remus, geography, early settlers)
Why did the Romans settle around the Tiber River?	4105 - Ancient Rome	8-13 (myth of Romulus and Remus, geography, early settlers)
What are the characteristics of a republic government and how was it structured?	4105 - Ancient Rome	19-23 (structure of Roman Republic)
How did the republic turn into an empire and what are the characteristics of the empire?	4105 - Ancient Rome	44-48 (Julius Caesar) 49-55 (Augustus, shift to empire, various emperors)
What are the cultural characteristics of ancient Rome?	4105 - Ancient Rome	24-22 (social classes, language, mythology, entertainment, architecture)
What are the main tenants of Judaism?	4101 - Ancient Mesopotamia	67-72 (founding) 73-78 (tenants)
How was Christianity started and what are the main tenants?	4105 - Ancient Rome	69-73 (tenants, spread, effect on empire, role of Constantine, etc.)
How did Christianity spread?
How did the rise of Christianity affect the Roman empire?
What was Constantine’s role in the rise of Christianity?
How do Christianity align and differ?	** see notes	**Students will be able to create a Venn diagram with information from lessons aligning to previous 2 essential questions
Why was the Roman empire able to expand over such a large area?	4105 - Ancient Rome	56-60 (military) 64-68 (Roman Roads/trade)
How did Rome maintain power over its colonies?	4105 - Ancient Rome	56-60 (military) 64-68 (Roman Roads/trade)
What are the internal factors that led to the fall of Rome?	4105 - Ancient Rome	74-79 (internal decline) 80-84 (external invasions and last-ditch efforts)
What are the internal factors that led to the fall of Rome?	4105 - Ancient Rome
Extra Content Lessons Pertaining to Ancient Rome:
***Roman law	4105 - Ancient Rome	34-37 (12 Tables)
*** Punic Wars	4105 - Ancient Rome	38-43
*** Other contributions/achievements	4105 - Ancient Rome	60-63 (engineering, city-planning, arts, etc.) 85-89 (project - enduring legacy and contributions)

Unit 8: Islam and Muslim Empire

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How did the people adapt to their desert environment?	4201 - Characteristics of Civilization	20-23 (introduces the basic concept of “adaptation” then this can be extended to specifics about desert cultures)
How did Islam start?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	15-20 (Muhammad, founding of Islam, some reference to major tenants. Other references made throughout lessons in this unit)
What are the major tenants of Islam?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia
What are the aspects of Muslim culture?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	31-36 (Sharia and Muslim Law and society)
How did Islam shape political thought in Muslim communities?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	31-36 (Sharia and Muslim Law and society)
How did ideas about succession lead to political division?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	23 (a chronology included in growth of Muslim Empire lesson includes information about split)
How do the rights and responsibilities of Muslim citizens compare to those of Greece and Rome?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	31-36 (Sharia and Muslim Law and society)
How did Muslim dynasties grow wealthy?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	21-26 (growth of Muslim Empire)
How did trade impact the cultural influence of the Abbasid Dynasty?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	27-30 (Abbasid dynasty; rise, fall, contributions)
What caused the Abbasid Dynasty to fall?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	27-30 (Abbasid dynasty; rise, fall, contributions)
How did the Arab culture influence our culture today?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	37-43 (contributions of Muslim Empire including Arabic, innovation, literature, etc.)

Unit 9: Culture and Kingdoms of Africa

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
What are the geographical features of Africa?	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	9-15 (geography, tribal creation stories)
How did the geographical features affect the settlement and movement of people in Africa?	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	35-42 (rotation activity providing an overview of rise/fall, history, contributions, etc. of: Nubia Nok people (Nigeria) Bantu Migrations Congo Axum (Ethiopia)
Why did Bantu-speaking people first settle along the Niger River?
How did the Bantu-speaking people prosper economically?
Why did the Bantu migrate to the southeastern coast of Africa?
How did Bantu cultural expressions reflect their way of life?
How did Axum control trade in East Africa?
How did Zimbabwe use taxation to build wealth?	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	82-87 (overview of eastern Swahili trading kingdoms, including Great Zimbabwe)
How did Arab trade influence the development of trading city-states in East Africa?	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa
How did Ghana gain power in West Africa?	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	71-75 (mineral wealth) 76-81 (west Africa trade kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, Songhay)
How did the spread of Islam influence West African kingdoms?
How did the control of resources lead to control of trade routes in West African civilizations?

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
Extra Content Lessons for Pre-Colonial Africa
*** Early hunter-gatherers	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	26-29 (Blombos cave excavation and findings)
*** Egypt and Kush	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	47-51 (compare and contrast the two civilizations)
*** Hannibal and Carthage	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	57-62 (primary source lesson)
*** artifacts and archeology	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	63-65 (research lesson, create a dig site map)
*** Ancient Africa project	4100 - Pre Colonial Africa	88-91

Unit 10: Classical India

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How did Hinduism reflect the culture of the Aryans?	4103 - Ancient Asia	20-25 (Hinduism: founding, deities, basic beliefs, etc.)
What are the main beliefs and practices of the Hindu religion?	4103 - Ancient Asia	20-25 (Hinduism: founding, deities, basic beliefs, etc.)
What was the social structure set up by the Caste system?	4103 - Ancient Asia	26-30 (Caste system, social structure, untouchables)
What was the quality of life like for members of each caste and the untouchables?
Why did people accept their place within the Caste system?
What events prompted Prince Gautama to search for truth?	4103 - Ancient Asia	31-35 (Buddha and Hinduism: teachings, comparing and contrasting Hinduism and Buddhism)
What are the main teachings of Buddhism?
How do Hinduism and Buddhism differ?
What role did Emperor Asoka have in the spread of Buddhism in Asia?	4103 - Ancient Asia	36-41 (Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire: growth, spread of Buddhism)
How did the strong economy of the Gupta empire lead to the Golden Age of India?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	80-87 Gupta rise, rule and fall; accomplishments, etc.)
What were the major achievements of the Gupta Empire?
What are the lasting legacies of the Golden Age of India?

Unit 11: Imperial China

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How did control over resources give power to groups and establish a social structure?	4103 - Ancient Asia	46-50 (early rulers, ancient river civilizations)
How did legalism influence the Qin Dynasty?	4103 - Ancient Asia	63-68 (Great Wall, legalism and other contributions of the Qin Dynasty)
What were some of the great accomplishments of the Qin Dynasty?	4103 - Ancient Asia
How did Confucianism change government beginning in the Han Dynasty?	4103 - Ancient Asia	69-73 (accomplishments, contributions and rule of the Han Dynasty including social structure and adoption of Confucianism in government)
How did Confucianism influence the social structure of the Han Dynasty?
What were some of the great accomplishments of the Han Dynasty?
Why was silk important to the Chinese economy?	4103 - Ancient Asia	74-78 (Silk Road and ancient Asian trade)
What was the Silk Road and how did it affect Chinese society and the world?	4103 - Ancient Asia	74-78 (Silk Road and ancient Asian trade)
Why is the Great Wall so important to the Chinese?	4103 - Ancient Asia	63-68 (building the Great Wall)
How did the Tang and Song Dynasties help create the Golden Age of China?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	44-54 (Tang and Song) 55-58 (Golden Age society, achievement, etc.)
How did China change as a result of Mongol invasion?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	59-63 (Ghengis Khan, Mongol invasion, Yuan rule)

Unit 12: Feudal Japan

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
How have the physical features of Japan influenced the development of Japanese culture?	4109 - Middle Ages Asia	64 - 68 (feudal pyramid, how feudalism emerged in Japan, classes in feudal society) 69 - 73 (warring over limited land, need for protection from invaders, 1^st shogun, rise and fall of feudal families and their contributions) 74 - 79 (Shinto, Confucian and Buddhist influences, Bushido, kamikaze warriors, Mongol invasions)
How did the geography of Japan create a reverence for nature?
What are the basic beliefs of Shintoism?
How did Shintoism affect family structure and Japanese traditions?
How did control of resources influence the social structure of Japan?
How did a feudal social structure impact the lives of the Japanese people?
How did conflict over resources affect control of power?

Unit 13: Medieval Europe

Essential Question	InspirEd Unit:	Pages/Notes:
What were the causes and effects of Viking invasions?	4108 - Medieval Europe	8-12 (Germanic invasions) 41-44 (Viking invasions)
How did the value of land lead to the creation of the feudal system?	4108 - Medieval Europe	13-19 (manor system) 20-26 (feudalism) 27-33 (knights)
What were the roles of the feudal system and why did they accept those roles?
How did the feudal system affect quality of life for people in each class?
How did the Magna Carta influence change in the quality of life?	4108 - Medieval Europe	45-50 (also includes William the Conqueror/Battle of Hastings)
How would the feudal system compare to modern society?	4108 - Medieval Europe	61-65 (trade fairs) 66-70 (Medieval towns) 77-84 (literature, schools, hospitals, entertainment, merchant guilds)
What was the role of the church and why was it so powerful?	4108 - Medieval Europe	34-40 (power and wealth of the Church, power of the Popes, how the Church unified Medieval society, etc. Also compares the power of the Church with that of the Holy Roman Empire)
What influence did the church have on the different classes?
How did the Pope use his resources to influence the king?
What issues created conflict between the church and state?
What impact did the church have on cultural expression?	4108 - Medieval Europe	71-76 (Romanesque and Gothic art and architecture)
What were the causes of the Crusades?	4108 - Medieval Europe	51-55 (causes, main events and outcomes of the Crusades) 56-60 (examines the legend of the Children’s Crusade of 1212)
What were the effects of the Crusades?	4108 - Medieval Europe
How did the increased global contact through trade foster the spread of the Black Death?	4108 - Medieval Europe	85-89 (Black Death)

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