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43 AD
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410
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-PREHISTORY-(JULIUS CAESAR) PROVINCE OF ‘BRITANNIA’ IS RULED BY A SERIES OF ROMAN GOVERNORS.
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c250,000BC –c1,800BC- Old, Middle and New STONE AGES c1,8000BC-c600BC
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BRONZE AGE c600BC-43AD- IRON AGE 55/54bBC- Julius Caesar makes raids on the island, but withdraws, “revealing rather than bequeathing, Britain to Rome” (Taticus)
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43- Romans land and begin conquest of ‘Britannia’. Major citys to emerge include Londinium ( London), Eboracum (York), Camulodonum (Colchester), Aquae Sulis (Bath), Deva (Chester), Lindum (Lincoln), and Corinium Dobunnorum (Cirencester)
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c60- British Queen Boudica revolts against romans 122-construction of HADRIAN’S WALL begins 143-Antonie Wall began
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c208- Alban, earliest known British Christian martyr, 211-death of severus c313-Emperor Constantine recognises CHRISTIANITY
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c300-340- the so-called ‘Golden Age’ of Roman Britain, the province being largely self-sufficient and economically prosperous
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410-Emperor Honorius refuses to help Britain against the attacking Anglo-Saxons, and the Romans formally abandon the island
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S
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c410-c650
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‘DARK AGES’
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c400’s-c600’s – Little solid recorded History, as Anglo-Saxons, from North Germany, continue to settle and form their kingdoms,
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c-500-
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(KING ARTHUR)
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c500-c515 – Legendary ‘Heroic Age of Chivalry’ as Romano-British King Arthur successfully contests Anglo-Saxon expansion,
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c650-c830
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SEVEN KINGDOMS
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c600’s – ‘The Saxon Heptarchy’ – Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Kent and East Anglia, 787- Beginning of Viking raids ,
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829-839
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EGBERT
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829- Egbert, Saxon King of Wessex, becomes ‘Overlord’ of all England, 853-Vikings occupy London, c866-Vikings capture York,
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871-899
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ALFRED
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870’s-890’s-Famous King ALFRED THE GREAT subdues and Christianises the Vikings, dividing the country’s rule under ‘Danelaw’
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924-940
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ATHELSTAN
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937-Athelstan defeats combined Vikings and Scots at BRUNANBURH, 930’S0 King raises age for execution of children from 12 to 15,
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940-978
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5 ‘BOY KINGS’
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940-46 – Edmund The Elder, 946-55- Edred, 955-59 0 Edwy The Fair, 959-75 – Edgar The Peaceful, 975-78 – Edward The Martyr,
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978-1013
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ETHELRED
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1013 - ETHELRED THE UNREADY(ie “ill advised”) flees, deposed by Sweyn Forkbeard The Dane, 1014 – Ethelred briefly restored,
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1013-1014
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FORKBEARD
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1013- Forkbeard mounts a full scale invasion of England and gains recognition as its King, 1014- Death of Forkbeard
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1016-1035
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CANUTE
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1016 – King Canute, son of Forkbeard The Dane, takes possession of the throne, and rules over England, Denmark and Norway,
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1042-1066
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EDWARD
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1050’s Pious King Edward ‘The Confessor’ makes William of Normandy heir, c1050 – King establishes Palace and Abbey at Westminster,
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1066
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HAROLD
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1066 – BATTLE OF HASTINGS, 1066 – Battles of Fulford and Stamford Bridge (nr. York) weaken Harold Godwinson’s army before Hastings
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N
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1066-1087
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WILLIAM I
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c1086 –THE DOOMESDAY BOOK commissioned, 1069-70 – The ‘Devastation of The North’, 1078 – Building of White Tower of London begins,
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1087-1100
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WILLIAM II
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1090’s – Son of ‘The Conqueror’ is an unpopular tyrant, 1100 – William II thought to be murdered while hunting in New Forest,
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1100-1135
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HENRY I
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1120 – Henry I loses only son William in the WHITE SHIP TRAGEDY in English Channel, and nominates daughter Matilda as heir,
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1135-1154
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STEPHEN
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1130’s-1150’s – Stephen, Henry I’s nephew, seizes throne, but after civil war accepts Matilda’s son, Henry PLANTAGENET as heir
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M
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1154-1189
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HENRY II
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1170- Martyrdom of THOMAS A BECKETT at Canterbury, 1173 – King’s son, Henry ‘The Young King’, leads revolt against his father,
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1189-1199
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RICHARD I
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1190’s – ‘The Lionheart’ absent for all but six months of reign fighting Crusades, 1189 – Jews banned from Coronation of King,
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1199-1216
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JOHN
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1215 – THE MAGNA CARTER, 1204 – Loss of Normandy, 1209 – John ex- communicated, 1209 – Construction of fist stone London Bridge,
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1216-1272
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HENRY III
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1220’s-1240’s – much of present Tower of London, inc. ‘Bloody Tower’, built, 1269 – Rebuilding of Westminster Abbey completed,
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1272-1307
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EDWARD I
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1270’s-1330’s – Kings attempt conquest of Scotland and Wales, 1296 – ‘STONE OF SCONE’ brought to Westminster Abbey,
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1307-1327
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EDWARD II
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1314 – Robert the Bruce defeats the English at BATTLE OF BANNOKBURN, 1327 – Edward II deposed after riots in City of London,
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1327-1377
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EDWARD III
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1337 – Beginning of ‘HUNDERED YEARS WAR’ with the French, 1349 – The ‘BLACK DEATH’ kills approx. 35% of population,
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1377-1399
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RICHARD II
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1381 – Wat Tyler and John Ball lead ‘PESANTS REVOLT’ against ‘poll taxes’, 1318-1400 – Chaucer writes ‘The Canterbury Tales’
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1399-1413
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HENRY IV
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1399 – Henry ‘Bolingbroke’ of the house of Lancaster, deposes Richard II, 1400 – Richard II murdered (?) at Pontefract Castle,
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1413-1422
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HENRY V
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1415 – BATTLE OF AGINCOURT, 1420 – Treaty of Troyes with French, 1421 – Henry V marries Queen Catherine of Valois,
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1422-1461
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HENRY VI
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1455-87 – WARS OF THE ROSES, 1429 – Joan of Ark relieves Siege of Orleans, 1453 – Hundred years war with France effectively ends,
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1461-1483
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EDWARD IV
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1461 – Edward IV becomes first King of the House of York, 1476 – WILLIAM CAXTON sets up a printing press at Westminster,
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1483
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EDWARD V
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1483 – ‘PRINCES OF THE TOWER’, Edward V (aged 12) and his brother Richard ( aged 9), murdered on orders of their uncle, Richard III (?)
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1483-1485
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RICHARD III
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1485 – Richard III is slain at the BATTLE OF BOSWORTH (Leicestershire), defeated by Henry Tudor (later Henry VII), Earl of Richmond
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T
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1485-1509
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HENRY VII
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1490’s – King makes treaties with French and Scots, 1486 – King marries Elizabeth of York, 1492 – Columbus discovers New Word
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1509-1547
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HENRY VIII
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1534-9 – THE REFORMATION, 1535 – execution of Sir Thomas More, 1536 – Robert Aske leads the PILGIMAGE OF GRACE
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1547-1553
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EDWARD VI
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1549 – First Church of England Prayer Book authorised, 1553 – protestant LADY JANE GREY is Queen from 10-19 July (executed 1554)
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1553-1558
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MARY I
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1550’s – ‘Bloody Mary’ attempts to restore Catholicism, 1554 – Queen marries King Philip of Spain, 1558 – loss of Calais to French
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1558-1603
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ELIZABETH I
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1588 – DEFEAT OF SPANISH ARMADA, 1577-80 – Drake sails around the World, 1587 – execution of MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS
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S
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1603-1625
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JAMES I
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1605 – Gunpowder Plot, 1611 – Authorised version of The Bible, 1618 – Raleigh executed, 1620 – Pilgrim Fathers set sail in Mayflower
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1625-1649
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CHARLES I
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1642-9 – ENGLISH CIVIL WAR, 1644 – siege of York, 1644 – Battle of Marston Moor, 1649 – Charles I executed at Whitehall
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1649-1660
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CROMWELL
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1649 – The ‘Commonwealth’ established, 1653 – Cromwell made Lord Protector, 1658- Cromwell dies, succeeded by his son Richard
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1660-1685
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CHARLES II
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1660 – Monarchy restored, 1661 - Crown Jewels made, 1665 – Plague of London, 1666 – Fire of London, 1675 – St. Paul’s Cathedral begun
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1685-1688
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JAMES II
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1688 – The Catholic King is deposed, his cause is taken up by JACOBITES, 1687 - Isaac Newton publishes his ‘Principia Mathematica’
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1688-1702
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WILLIAM & MARY
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1688-9 – the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION ensures Protestant succession, 1690 – Battle of the Boyne, 1694 – Bank of England established
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1702-1714
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ANNE
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1707 – ‘Act of Union’, Scotland temporarily accepts Hanoverian (Georgian) succession, 1704 – Sir George Rooke captures Gibraltar
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G
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1714-1727
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GEORGE I
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1720’s-1840’s INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, 1708/15/09 – The Old Pretender, son of James II, leads 3 unsuccessful Jacobite rebellions
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1727-1760
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GEORGE II
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1745 – YOUNG PRETENDER Charles Edward Stuart, ‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’ leads ‘45’ rebellion, defeated at CULLODEN (1746)
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1760-1820
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GEORGE III
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1773 – Boston Tea Party, 1776 – AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, 1805 – Battle Of Trafalgar, 1815 – Battle Of Waterloo
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1820-1830
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GEORGE IV
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1822 – acknowledged true successor to throne, George IV visits Scotland, 1829 – Roman Catholics given full Freedom of Worship
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1830-1837
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WILLIAM IV
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1830’s – Abolition of Capital Punishment for theft, 1833 – Britain finally abolishes slavery across Empire, following 1807 slave trade act
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1837-1901
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VICTORIA
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1840’s – Irish Potato Famine, 1868 – Abolition of public hanging, 1890’s Great Britain rules approx.. one quarter of the World
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W
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1901-1910
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EDWARD VII
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1901 – King of House of SAXE-COBURG GOTHA, 1906 – Liberals win Election, 1908 – Old Age Pension, 1909 – Suffragettes’ Hunger Strike,
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1910-1936
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GEORGE V
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1914-18 FIRST WORLD WAR, 1917 – King adopts ‘Windsor’ surname, 1917 – Russian Revolution, 1926 – GENERAL STRIKE
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1936
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EDWARD VIII
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1936 – King abdicates to marry divorcee, 1930’s – unemployment in the UK reaches three million, 1936 – Jarrow Crusade
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1936-1952
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GEORGE VI
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1039-45 – SECOND WORLD WAR, 1938 Neville Chamberlain promises ‘Peace in our time’, 1945 – Labout wins Election majority of 145
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1952 -
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ELIZABETH II
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1965 – Hanging abolished, 1971 – Introduction of decimalisation, 1982 – Falklands War 1994 – IRA ceasefire
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