Early Human Study Guide Questions

1. 
   List the five early humans in chronological order
   

b. Homo Habilis

c. Homo Erectus

d. Neanderthal

f. Cro-Magnon

2. 
   Which early human was the first to practice religion?
   

3. 
   Who began using fire first? Homo Habilis began using fire first only from fires that were started from natural disasters. Fire was used for protection, to keep warm, and to cook food.
   
4. 
   Who learned how to make and control fire? Homo Erectus
   
5. 
   Name 3 reasons why fire was a useful tool to both early humans and ourselves. Protection, keep warm, to cook
   
6. 
   Who were the first early humans to create and use tools?
   

7. 
   Why didn’t Neandertal take care of the elderly as many of us do today? The elderly did not have a good chance of survival; many did not live to see their 40^th b-day
   
8. 
   “Lucy” is the fossilized remains of what early human? Australopithecus
   
9. 
   What early human was nick-named “handy man? Why? Homo Habilis
   
10. 
    What nickname did we give Australopithecus? “Southern Ape”
    
11. 
    Which early human was the first to ceremonially bury their dead? Cro- Magnon
    
12. 
    What early human first used language? Neandertal
    
13. 
    Which early human made beautiful carvings from bone? Cro- Magnon
    
14. 
    Which early human lived entirely during the ice age? Neandertals
    
15. 
    What continent was the first early human discovered on? Africa
    
16. 
    What is the name of the oldest Australopithecine skeleton? Lucy
    
17. 
    What type of shelter did Cro-Magnon live in? caves and huts
    
18. 
    Why was Neanderthal’s body size crucial to their survival? Short, heavy bodies due to cold- less surface area to keep warm; their bones were bigger due to constant exercise
    
19. 
    List two tools the first early human used: (Australopithecus)
    
    1. 
       Hands
       
    2. 
       Sticks/rocks
       
20. 
    List two different tools the second early human used including the use and material (Homo Habilis)
    

b. stone flakes/ stone/ cutting meat or wood; scraping off hide

21. 
    List two different tools the third early human used including the use and material (Homo Erectus)
    

b. sharpened flakes/ rock, stone/ cutting meat or wood; scraping off hide

22. 
    List two different tools the fourth early human used including the use and material (Neandertal)
    

b. hand axes/stone, wood/ crush bones and cut wood

triangular points/ used like knives

spears- hunting

23. 
    List five different tools the last early human used including the use and material
    

b. needles/ bone/ make clothes

c. flint

d. pierced seashells

e. antlers

(b through e: tools used for making clothing, engraving, and sculpting)

24. 
    What was “Lucy” named after? Beatles song “Lucy in the sky with diamonds”
    

25. 
    Which early human was anatomically identical to us, Homo sapien sapien? Cro- Magnon
    

26. 
    Where did the Australopithecus live? Eastern Africa
    

27. 
    Which early human lived 35,000 – 10,000 years ago? Cro- Magnon
    
28. 
    How tall were the Australopithecus? 3 ft tall
    
29. 
    Which early human made cave paintings? Neandertal
    
30. 
    What was the Australopithecus’ diet? vegetarians
    
31. 
    Name 5 traditions and discoveries that Cro Magnon made that Modern Humans still use today.
    

Make woven clothing

Buried their dead the way we do

Paint, engrave, sculpt, make shell jewelry

32. 
    What was the Australopithecine’s shelter? Rock overhangs, trees
    
33. 
    Why didn’t the first or second early human live in caves? Dangerous animals lived in the caves and they did not have the tools to kill them
    
34. 
    Which early human had huts, constructed of rocks, clay, bones, branches, and animal hide/fur? Cro-magnon
    
35. 
    Which early human stole caves from Neanderthal? Cro- magnon
    
36. 
    What four ways did the Homo habilis communicate? Body language, touch, grunt, facial expressions
    
37. 
    How did the Homo habilis get a fire going and keep it contained? Used fire caused from natural disasters
    
38. 
    What does Homo habilis mean? “Handy Man”
    
39. 
    Which 3 early humans lived during some or most of the ice age? Homo Erectus, Neandertal, Cro-Magnon
    
40. 
    Who were the only early humans to make and wear jewelry? Cro- magnon
    
41. 
    What stone did the Homo erectus use to make fire? Flint
    
42. 
    What was the first Early Human to cook their food? Homo Erectus
    

43. 
    Was the Homo erectus carnivores, omnivores, or herbivores? omnivores
    
44. 
    Who was the first to migrate out of Africa? Homo Erectus
    
45. 
    Which early human killed off the Neanderthal? Cro- magnon
    
46. 
    Did the Homo erectus have the ability to live in caves? Why or why not? Yes, since they had tools used to kill the animals living in them
    
47. 
    Which early human created the first calendar? Cro-magnon
    
48. 
    What did the Homo erectus use fire for? Cooking, protection, keeping warm
    
49. 
    What is Homo Erectus mean? “Upright man”
    
50. 
    What type of shelter did the Neandertals’ live in? caves
    
51. 
    What was the Cro-Magnon’s main shelter? What other type of shelter did they use? Main shelter- caves; other shelter- huts
    
52. 
    What made the Neandertals different from other early humans? First to use language; lived throughout the ice-age
    
53. 
    What did the Neandertals’ need to survive at night? Fire, clothing, caves
    
54. 
    4/5 Neandertals’ didn’t see what? Their 40^th birthday
    
55. 
    What type of human are you? Homo Sapiens Sapiens
    
56. 
    Which early human didn’t make tools? Australopithecus
    
57. 
    Which early human used the lavawa blade that was five times sharper than a surgeon’s scalpel and what was it used for?
    
58. 
    Which early human was the smartest? How do you know? Cro- Magnon; they started many of the traditions we still use today
    
59. 
    See above
    
60. 
    Where did the Cro-Magnon live? in caves or huts in France; bones found all over Europe
    
61. 
    Which early human was the first to wear clothes? Why? Neandertal’s because it was cold
    
62. 
    Which early human knew how to make woven clothing? Cro- Magnon
    
63. 
    Which early human was the first migrate out of the original continent? Which continents did they migrate to? Homo Erectus migrated to Asia and Europe
    
64. 
    Why was Neanderthal’s nose so big? The large nose created a lot of mucous which kept the nose from freezing
    

65. 
    Name at least 10 Cro-Magnon firsts.
    
    1. 
       Wore woven clothing
       
    2. 
       Listened to music
       
    3. 
       Made musical instruments
       
    4. 
       Decorated their bodies with jewelry
       
    5. 
       Carved and sculpted with bone
       
    6. 
       Made colored paintings
       
    7. 
       Made musical instruments
       
    8. 
       Made clay figurines
       
    9. 
       Made shell jewelry
       
    10. 
        Decorated tools, beads, ivory carvings
        
66. 
    Describe how the shelter changed from the first early human to the last. Include what the shelters were like and why they changed. Shelter began with Australopithecus using trees and tall grass. Then over time early humans became more intelligent and were able to use caves like Homo Erectus, Neanderthal, and Cro-magnon who could make fire, and had better tools