Nationalism
Italy
Mazzini- natinalistic thinker, began the fight for unifcation of Italy
Cavour
Garabaldi – used guerilla warfare with his troop theRed Shirts, final unification of Italy 1871
Germany
Otto von Bismark- Germany needed “blood and iron” to unify (fighting and weapons)
Imperialism
Scramble for Africa- Europeans fight to get colonies as Africa is full of natural resources
Berlin Conference- meeting of European countries to decide how to “split up Africa” without asking African peoples
Zulus
World War I
M.A.I.N. Causes
Militarinism – build up of armies and weapons
Alliances – smaller controls band together promising to fight
Imperialism – stronger countries take over weaker ones
Nationalism – countries feel pride for their people/cultures
Central Powers (Austria, Germany, Italy) vs. Triple Entente (Britain, France and later the USA)
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand – spark that started WW1
Alsace & Lorraine – area of France , fought over it by Germany and France
Leaders for Britain-
, France
, Germany – Kaiser Wilhelm II
, United States - Wilson
Trench Warfare- muddy, nasty, resulted in stalemate(s)
New Technologies- machine guns, tanks, poisonous gas
Schlieffen Plan
Armistice- war stops, treaty signed Nov 11, 1918
Zimmerman Note- Germany tried to engage Mexico into fighting the US with promise Mexico would get its lands back from US (lost during US Mexican War)
Lusitania – cruise liner sank (by German U-Boat) killing hundreds, including Americans
Propaganda- exaggerated stories/pictures to persuade people to do something
Fourteen Points-Wilson’s ideas to prevent future wars, Congress did not pass
League of Nations- alliance of European countries, fore runner of NATO
Treaty of Versailles- sanctions taken against Germany…..see below
B.R.A.T.
BLame – Germany would take full blame for the war
Reparations – Germany would pay monies to help rebuild other countries
Army Limited – Germany would not be allowed to build weapons or have a large army
Territory Lost- Germany lost significant amounts of land, including Alsace-Lorraine)
Europe Before and After WWI – creation of new countries
Russian Revolution- Monarchy overthrown, Bolsheviks take over (Communists)
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