The Twelve Tables, c. 450 BC
and the Magna Carta c. 1215 AD
“Did humanity make progress in how it ordered society from the time of the Roman Republic to the time of the Magna Carta?”
Below are collections of laws from both the Roman Twelve Tables and the Magna Carta. For each section, begin by reviewing each Twelve Table. Then, read a similar law from the Magna Carta. Is it different? Does it show progress? Be sure to explain your answer and connect the Magna Carta to the Twelve Tables to show change.
WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Rome: Females should remain in guardianship even when they have attained their maturity.
Magna Carta: No widow shall be compelled to marry, so long as she wishes to remain without a husband.
Summarize the Magna Carta law in your own words:
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Do you see progress? Why or why not? Be sure to mention both laws:
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SOCIAL CLASS
Rome: Marriages should not take place between plebeians and patricians.
Magna Carta: Heirs may be given in marriage, but not to someone of lower social standing. Before a marriage takes place, it shall be made known to the heir's next-of-kin.
Summarize the Magna Carta law in your own words:
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Do you see progress? Why or why not? Be sure to mention both laws:
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ASSAULT
Rome: If one has maimed a limb and does not compromise with the injured person, let there be retaliation. If one has broken a bone of a freeman with his hand or with a cudgel, let him pay a penalty of three hundred coins If he has broken the bone of a slave, let him have one hundred and fifty coins. If one is guilty of insult, the penalty shall be twenty-five coins.
Magna Carta: For a trivial offence, a free man shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence, and for a serious offence correspondingly, but not so heavily as to deprive him of his livelihood. In the same way, a merchant shall be spared his merchandise, and a husbandman the implements of his husbandry, if they fall upon the mercy of a royal court. None of these fines shall be imposed except by the assessment on oath of reputable men of the neighbourhood.
Earls and barons shall be fined only by their equals, and in proportion to the gravity of their offence.
Summarize the Magna Carta laws in your own words:
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Do you see progress? Why or why not? Be sure to mention all three laws:
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JUSTICE
Rome: Putting to death of any man unconvicted, whosoever he might be, is forbidden.
Magna Carta: No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land.
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