● PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT COND: O Pos. Reinforcement Add something nice to increase a behavior (gold star for turning in HW) O Neg. Reinforcement Take away something bad/annoying to increase a behavior (put on seatbelt to takeaway annoying car signal) O Pos. Punishment Add something bad to decrease a behavior (spanking) O Neg. Punishment Take away something good to decrease a behavior (takeaway car keys) O Primary Reinforcers: innately satisfying (food and water) O Secondary Reinforcers: everything else (stickers, high-fives) ▪ Token Reinforcer: type of secondary- can be exchanged for other stuff (game tokens or money) O Generalization: respond to similar stimulus for reward O Discrimination: stimulus signals when behavior will or will not be reinforced (light on means response are accepted) O Extinction / Spontaneous Recovery: same as classical conditioning O Overjustification Effect reinforcing behaviors that are intrinsically motivating causes you to stop doing them (give a child 5$ for reading when they already like to read – they stop reading) O Shaping: use successive approximations to train behavior (reward desired behaviors to teach a response – rat basketball)
