Chapter 21: Absolute Rulers in Europe, 1500-1800 chapter objective

• Describe Spanish power under Philip II.

• Identify major figures from the Golden Age of Spanish art and literature.

• Describe the birth of the Netherlands.

• Explain the origins of absolute monarchy.

MAIN IDEA: During a time of religious and economic instability, Philip II ruled Spain with a strong hand.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW: When faced with crises, many heads of government take on additional economic or political powers.

Chapter 21: Absolute Rulers in Europe, 1500-1800

CHAPTER OBJECTIVE: Study the development of absolute and constitutional monarchies in Europe from 1500 until 1800.

S 2 The Reign of Louis XIV

Students will

• Describe conflicts in Europe.

• Analyze ideas of important French thinkers.

• Explain Louis XIV’s policies and characterize the style of his court.

• Describe France’s disastrous wars.

MAIN IDEA: After a century of war and riots, France was ruled by Louis XIV, the most powerful monarch of his time.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Louis’s abuse of power led to revolution that would inspire the call for democratic government throughout the world.

Chapter 21: Absolute Rulers in Europe, 1500-1800

CHAPTER OBJECTIVE: Study the development of absolute and constitutional monarchies in Europe from 1500 until 1800.

S 3 Central European Monarchs Clash

Students will

• Describe the Thirty Years’ War.

• Explain the growth of central European states.

• Identify conflicts between Prussia and Austria.

MAIN IDEA: After a period of turmoil, absolute monarchs ruled Austria and the Germanic state of Prussia.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Prussia built a strong military tradition in Germany that contributed in part to world wars in the 20th century.

• Explain how Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state.

• Characterize the differences between Russia and western Europe.

• Describe Peter the Great’s reforms and their impact on Russia.

MAIN IDEA: Peter the Great made many changes in Russia to try to make it more like western Europe.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Many Russians today debate whether to model themselves on the West or to focus on traditional Russian culture.

• Identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.

• Explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.

• Describe the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution.

• Explain changes under William and Mary.

MAIN IDEA: Absolute rulers in England were overthrown, and Parliament gained power.