Chapter 10 Section 1: CLASSICAL GREECE AND ROME
The Ancient Greeks
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Ancient Age: (2000 - 750 BC)
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Atlantis civilization may have existed on Santorini and Crete Islands.
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Trojan Wars may have been fought between Greek City States and Turkish City State of Troy. Recorded by the blind poet Homer.
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City State Age: (500-336 BC)
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Polis = City State or City Nation.
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Sparta = Warlike, militaristic, women were equal to men.
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Athens= First democracy (sort of-slaves and women were not citizens). Art, architecture, poetry, drama, philosophy, literature, math, science, medicine.
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Persian Wars = David (Greek Polis') versus Goliath (Persian Empire)
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Greek Victory at Marathon in 1st war.
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Persian "victory" at Thermopylae, Greek victory at Naval Battle of Salamis, and Greek victory of the Battle of Plateau.
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Peloponnesian Wars = Sparta defeats Athens in a 30 year war for control of Greece.
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Theban Hegemony= Thebes defeats a weakened Sparta to rule Greece.
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Macedonian Age: (336 -323 BC)
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King Philip of Macedonia defeats Thebes to rule over Greece.
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Has a son named Alexander that is tutored by Aristotle.
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King Philip is assassinated.
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His son Alexander conquers and unites all of Greece.
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Alexander the Great goes on to conquer Persia, liberate Egypt, and invades ancient India.
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Hellenistic Age: (323 - 44 BC)
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Alexander's Empire is divided upon his death among his generals.
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These rulers establish Greek language, and culture in their nations.
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All of these empires were slowly conquered by the Romans. Julius Caesar married the last Ptolemaic Pharaoh-Cleopatra to include into Roman Empire.
Sculpture
Drama
Philosophy
 
Architecture
GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS
Language, Math and Science
 
Democracy
Olympics
Columns
The Ancient Romans
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The City of Rome Founded by Etruscans, Latins, and Greeks maybe around 750 B.C.
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Roman Republic (550 B.C. to 31 B.C.)
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Roman Government Structure
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12 Tablets of Law (Law of the Land), Senate (Protects wealthy), Assembly (protects middle class thru' VETO), 2 Consuls (Like co-presidents)
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1 Dictator for 6 months or during a time of crisis.
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Punic Wars
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Rome defeats Carthage in a series of 3 wars.
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Roman Civil Wars brought on after victory against Carthage.
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Julius Caesar
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Consul of Rome: Corrupt politician, ruled like a mafia boss.
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Governor and General: Defeats Gaul, and invades Britannia.
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Invades Rome, Defeats Pompey, Sails to Egypt to Capture Pompey - meets and marries Cleopatra.
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Assassinated in 44BC War to find and kill assassins follows.
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Civil War between Octavian Caesar and Marc Antony/Cleopatra.
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Roman Empire (31 B.C. to 476 A.D.)
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Augustus (Octavian) Caesar sets up Roman Empire and Pax Romana.
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Good Emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius)
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Built roads, aqueducts, baths, lowered taxes, secured Rome.
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Bad Emperors (Caligula, Nero, Domitian, Commodus, Elagabalus)
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Built Palaces, Stadiums, Raised Taxes, Weakened Rome.
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Corruption, Apathy, Empire Divided, Capital Moves to Constantinople.
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Rome Falls 476 A.D.
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Last Roman Emperor turns Roman Empire turned over to a corrupted German King.
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Within in 10 years Europe is in Chaos, within a 100 years the great cities have less than 5% of their populations. Most have moved to country near estates for protection given by Kings.
DOMES
VAULTS
AQUADUCTS
ARCHES
ROMAN CONTRIBUTIONS
LATIN LANGUAGE
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NON SCHOLAE, SED VITAE DISCIMUS.
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CARPE DIEM, QUAM MINIMUM CREDULA POSTERO EST.
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I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VII,IX, X, ETC.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH
ROADS
CONCRETE
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