Chapter 16 Study Guide Answers
Habeas corpus – right of accused person to a hearing before being jailed – Lincoln suspended this in many states during the war
Blockade runner – Confederate ships that broke through the Union blockade
Peace Democrat – became known as “copperheads” because of copper pennies they wore on their shirts – were in favor of negotiating peace with the Confederacy
Bull Run- first major battle – at Manassas, VA – both sides realized this will be a long and costly fight
Hampton Roads – (Virginia) Battle between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia (Merrimack)
Shiloh – First Union victory in the west – April 6 & 7, 1862 – bloodiest battle up to that point
Antietam – bloodiest single day – used by Lincoln to take a stand against slavery
Gettysburg – Lee’s second attempt at a Northern invasion - Began when Confederates were looking for shoes – July 1-3, 1863
Vicksburg – important Confederate strong hold on the Mississippi Rv. – after a month long siege it fell to the Union on July 4, 1863
Petersburg – Nine month siege – resulted in Union being able to capture Richmond
Appomattox Court House – sight of Lee’s surrender to General Grant on April 9, 1865
William Tecumseh Sherman – Union General who led famous “March to the Sea” from Atlanta to Savannah
Ulysses S. Grant – General for Union forces in the west then later given command of entire Union army – sometimes called “unconditional surrender Grant” – secured Mississippi Rv for the Union – favored by Lincoln who said “I need that man, he fights”
George Meade – Union commander at Gettysburg
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – Confederate hero at the First Battle of Bull Run – wounded at Chancellorsville and later died from infection
George B. McClellan – appointed commanding general of the Union forces after the first Battle of Bull Run
Robert E. Lee – Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia
Clara Barton – served as a nurse and founded the American Red Cross
Emancipation Proclamation - signed and went into effect on Jan. 1, 1863 – freed slaves in the Confederate states only
Question answers: See your study guide for the original questions
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South was fighting on their own land
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Reunite the Union
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Leave slavery alone were it already existed but do not let it spread to new territories
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Union – Washington D.C.; Confederate – Richmond, VA
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48 counties in western VA organized themselves and voted to secede from VA in 1861
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. Gain control of the Tennessee and Mississippi River
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7. Served as spies, nurses, cooks, worked in factories, and some disguised themselves as men to fight
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8. Felt that is was a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight – there was a riot in NY City
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9. Lee realized that further fighting would not accomplish anything and would lead to heavy losses
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Numerous Union victories in late 1863 and 1
Gettysburg – short answer
Day 1 – The Union and Confederacy met by accident to Gettysburg, PA. Confederates pushed the Union forces back through the town until they secured a defensive position to the south of the town on Cemetery Ridge
Day 2 – The two flanks ends (Culps Hill to the north and Little Round Top to the south) were areas of intense fighting and the Confederates tried to outflank the Union
Day 3 – Lee decided to try to bust through the center of the Union line by an all out assault (known as Pickett’s charge). This was a failure and resulted in heavy casualties. Lee retreated but Meade did not pursue
Essay – This is not a complete answer and you need to expand on this information to write a complete paragraph essay. These are key ideas only! Rewriting these bullet points will not get you full credit for an essay question!
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all slaves are freed (with 13th Amendment)
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Southern economy was destroyed and billions of dollars in damage
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Boom in Northern industry
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Saved the Union
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Over 620,000 casualties
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Women took on new roles
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Federal government is strengthened, state governments loose power
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