Biology Research Paper: Biological Warfare



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Biology Research Paper: Biological Warfare
Introduction: Biological warfare is a great example for the controversies evoked by advances in biotechnology. The debate about biological/chemical warfare has political, ethical, social, medical, financial, legal and personal aspects.
You are assigned this research paper to investigate aspects of biological warfare to report on the following:



  1. Unique properties of biological weapons (at least 3)

  2. History of biological weapons (at least 3)

  3. Current sources of biological weapons (at least 4)

  4. The potential uses of biological weapons in warfare (at least 2) and agriculture or other aspects other than warfare (at least 2)

  5. Challenges facing biological warfare research (at least 5)

  6. Methods by which scientists use biological weapons

  7. Arguments for using biological weapons

  8. Arguments against using biological weapons

  9. Express your informed personal opinion on this topic supported by evidence and/or examples

Additional Resources for your use:





  • your textbook

  • http://www.emedicinehealth.com/biological_warfare/article_em.htm

  • http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/biologicalwarfare.html

  • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/938340/biological-weapon

  • http://www.uic.edu/classes/osci/osci590/7_1Germ%20Warfare%20Biological%20Weapons.htm


Guidelines for Successful Completion of this Assignment


  1. Cover each of the 9 aspects listed above IN THE ORDER GIVEN.

  2. Write a minimum of ONE (1) paragraph for each of the 9 aspects

  3. Use all the information gathered to develop your opinion and support it by evidence and/or examples

  4. Check each paragraph for proper use of language (grammar, spelling etc)

  5. Check for overall clarity and organization – ensure that the paragraphs are logical, and that they have a clear topic and flow smoothly

  6. Revisit the rubric below to ensure that you have completed the task and met all criteria

  7. Type, spell-check and proofread your paper!

  8. Cite ALL sources using MLA format

  9. Avoid any kind of plagiarism


Grading Rubric


  1. Unique properties of biological weapons (at least 3) 6 points

  2. History of biological weapons (at least 3) 15 points

  3. Current sources of biological weapons (at least 4) 8 points

  4. The potential uses of biological weapons research (at least 2) 10 points and agriculture or other aspects other than warfare (at least 2) 10 points

  5. Challenges facing biological warfare research (at least 5) 10 points

  6. Methods by which scientists use biological weapons 5 points

  7. Arguments for using biological weapons 5 points

  8. Arguments against using biological weapons 5 points

  9. Express your informed personal opinion on this topic supported by evidence and/or examples 10 points

  10. You opinion is supported by evidence and/or examples – 10 points

  11. References in MLA format – 6 points

  12. TOTAL: 100 points


Debate
In addition to your research paper, you will conduct a class debate for each topic. First, in a debate, you are not expressing your opinion; rather, you are assigned an affirmative or negative position on the question. Your task is to find the pertinent data and assemble it into a set of logical arguments that will support or refute the statement, depending on the side to which you have been assigned. The formality of the debate will focus our attention on the scientific information that underlies each of the issues we will address, not on our opinions.
Mini-Debate Activities Sequence and Time Limits

Round 1 Team A Speaker 1 -- 3 minute limit

Team B Speaker 1 -- 3 minute limit

Timeout – 1 minute

Crossfire (between A1 & B1) 2 minute limit

Round 2 Team A Speaker 2 -- 3 minute limit

Team B Speaker 2 -- 3 minute limit

Timeout – 1 minute

Crossfire (between A2 & B2) 2 minute limit

Round 3 Timeout – 2 minutes

A1 summary -- 1 minute limit

B1 summary -- 1 minute limit

Grand Crossfire (all speakers) -- 3 minute limit

Round 4 Timeout – 2 minutes

A2 Last Shot -- 1 minute limit

B2 Last Shot -- 1 minute limit


Crossfire Instructions—During the Crossfire period, both speakers have the floor and may ask and answer questions during the 2-minute period. The participants are instructed to keep questions and answers succinct; rudeness should not be tolerated. In the Grand Crossfire all four students have the floor. The first question must be posed by the team which did not speak just prior to the Crossfire period. One partner can take the role of questioner while the other mollifies the opposition.

  • A stronger partner can cover for a weaker partner.

  • Partners can mutually intervene to deflect questions from their opponents in order to try to unsettle well-placed attacks.

  • Partners can interrupt each other, not just the opposition, to shift the focus of questions and attacks.

Summary Speaker Instructions—Summary speakers will take notes of the most compelling reasons presented by themselves and their partner that are most likely to counter the arguments of their opponents and will rebuild audience connections by refocusing upon the central issue.


Last Shot Instructions—Last Shot speakers choose the one issue which matters the most and use the importance of this issue to frame the final parting shot.
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