B bábi, Tibor
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| Budai Nagy, Antal (Anthony) (Antal Nagy de Buda) (? - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 10 or 14 December 1437) – Military leader, politician, leader of the 1437 Transylvanian (Erdély, now in Romania) peasant uprising. His family got their name from the township Nagybuda (Bodonkút, now Vechea, Romania) in Transylvania. The higher nobility of Transylvania weighed down the peasantry with increasingly excessive taxes in the 1430s. In particular, the debasement of the currency under King Zsigmond (Sigismund of Luxemburg, 1387-1437) caused considerable outcry and hostility. What is more, Bishop György (George) Lépes anathematized from the Church those peasants and gentry, who were not willing to pay the tithe. As a result of the cruel suppression of the gentry, many peasants and members of the lesser nobility became believers in the doctrines of Ján Hus. Antal Budai-Nagy, together with many of the gentry, affected by the excessive tithe, joined the gathering peasants on Mount Bábalona. All those present elected him their leader. After the Voivode László (Ladislas) Csáki had the envoy of the peasants killed, Budai-Nagy gathered the Hungarian and Wlach (now called Romanian) peasant armies and had some of them organized into wagon barricades; at Dés (now Dej, Romania) they defeated the mounted forces sent against them by the nobility. The nobility was forced to enter reluctantly into negotiations with the insurgents and their leader, and made an agreement at Kolozsmonostor (now Cluj-Mănăştur, Romania); lessened the amount of tithe, abolished the ninths, the serfs received the right of free movement from one estate to another, and the right of making their own wills; the peasants could also hold annual general meetings. But as soon as the nobility could gather a stronger military force, they broke the agreement, and attacked the peasant army. But at Apáti (now Apateu, Romania) Budai Nagy’s peasant army again defeated the army of the nobility and successfully marched into Kolozsvár. A second agreement was made at Kolozsmonostor, followed by more clashes. The protracted engagements led to a weakening of Budai-Nagy’s forces by losses and withdrawals. The forces of the Transylvanian nobility moved against Kolozsvár, the peasants fought valiantly, but their leader, Budai Nagy fell, after which the resistance soon collapsed. Some centers of resistance continued fighting on in northern Transylvania and in some parts of the Trans-Tisza River area, until the fall of Kolozsvár on 8 January 1438. A high school in Budapest and a special high school at Nagykálló bear his name. – B: 1031, 1122, T: 7456.→Zsigmond, King.
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