*a teaching, research, and consulting b teaching, administration, and consulting

1. Sport psychology specialists have three roles. These include

*a. teaching, research, and consulting

b. teaching, administration, and consulting

c. research, administration, and teaching

d. teaching, intervention, and research

e. intervention, teaching, and consulting
Title: Introduction

2. Which of the following will the field of sport and exercise psychology face in the future?

a. unqualified people doing consulting in sport psychology

b. few full-time positions in sport psychology involving consulting with athletes

c. the need for physical education and exercise specialists to receive sport and exercise psychology information

*d. all of the above

e. a and c
Title: Introduction

3. Which type of question would NOT fall under the category of "What effect do psychological factors have on an individual's performance?"

a. Does self-confidence influence a child's ability to learn to swim?

b. How does anxiety affect a tennis player's service accuracy?

*c. Does running reduce one's anxiety and depression?

d. How does punishment influence an individual's motivation to continue participation in sport?

e. How does concentration affect performance in fine motor tasks?
Title: Introduction

4. Research by Landers and his colleagues, using biofeedback techniques to train elite marksmen to shoot between heartbeats, is a good example of a

a. cognitive–behavioral orientation

b. cognitive–affective orientation

c. behavioral orientation

*d. psychophysiological orientation

e. physiological–environmental orientation
Title: Introduction

5. Behavior is determined by the interaction of the environment and personal makeup of the performer. This idea is an example of a

a. cognitive–behavioral orientation

b. behavioral orientation

c. cognitive–affective orientation

*d. social–psychological orientation

e. cognitive–environmental orientation
Title: Introduction

6. Emotional disorders affecting sport performance, such as eating disorders and drug abuse, would best be treated by a

*a. clinical sport psychologist

b. developmental psychologist

c. educational sport psychologist

d. Rogerian sport therapist

e. Gestalt sport therapist
Title: Introduction

7. Which of the following are sport and exercise psychology journals?

a. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology

b. The Sport Psychologist

c. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

*d. all of the above

e. a and c
Title: Introduction

8.The limitations of professional practice knowledge include its

a. susceptibility to biasing influences

b. uncertain reliability

c. lack of explanations

*d. all of the above

e. a and c
Title: Introduction

9. Which professional sport psychology association is responsible for developing standards for certification of individuals working in applied sport psychology settings?

a. North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity

b. International Society of Sport Psychology

*c. Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology

d. American Psychological Association Division 47

e. Applied Sport Psychology Society
Title: Introduction

10. Sport and exercise psychology is first and foremost a

*a. science

b. art

d. laboratory-based field of study

e. none of the above
Title: Introduction

11. In the fifth period, sport psychology experienced a tremendous growth in

a. theoretical development

b. applied research

c. professional service

d. a and b

*e. b and c
Title: Introduction

12. Which of the following are sport psychology organizations?

a. Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP)

b. North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA)

c. American Sport Psychology Association

d. all of the above

*e. a and b
Title: Introduction

13. Which of the following events did NOT occur in period 6 (2000-present)?

a. Psychology of Sport and Exercise journal is published in Europe.

b. Division 47 of the American Psychological Association focuses on sport psychology as a specialized competency area.

*c. Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology is established.

d. a and c

e. b and c
Title: Introduction

14. Which of the following events did not occur during period 5?

a. Journal of Sport Psychology was established.

b. The Olympic committee hired the first full-time sport psychologist.

c. The journal The Sport Psychologist was established.

*d. Sport psychologists started licensure standards.

e. APA Division 47 was formed.
Title: Introduction

15. The leading researcher during period 3 (1938-1965) was

*a. Franklin Henry

b. Richard Schmidt

c. George Stelmach

d. Jack Adams

e. Scott Kelso
Title: Introduction

16. Coleman Griffith established the first research laboratory in sport psychology at the University of

a. Notre Dame

*b. Illinois

c. Minnesota

d. Wisconsin

e. Iowa
Title: Introduction

17. Coleman Griffith worked with all of the following famous coaches and athletes except

a. Red Grange

b. Knute Rockne

c. Dizzy Dean

*d. Babe Ruth

18. The father of American sport psychology is

*a. Coleman Griffith

b. Rainer Martens

c. Dan Landers

d. Dan Gould

e. Robert Singer
Title: Introduction

19. Which of the following statements is (are) true?

a. Sport psychology focuses on the concerns of the elite athlete.

b. Sport psychology focuses on the competitive sport of young athletes.

*c. Sport psychology is actually concerned with both sport and exercise settings.

d. Sport psychology focuses on recreational athletes.

e. none of the above
Title: Introduction

20. Educational sport psychologists usually have years of training in

a. psychology

b. education

*c. sport and exercise science

d. sociology

e. educational psychology
Title: Introduction

21. Scientifically derived knowledge has some limitations, including that it

a. is reductionistic

b. is very fast to evolve

c. tends to be conservative

d. all of the above

*e. a and c
Title: Introduction

22. Which of the following researchers was NOT prominent during period 1 (1895-1920)?

a. E.W. Scripture

b. G.T. Patrick

c. Norman Triplett

d. R. Cummins

*e. Ed McAuley
Title: Introduction

23. Which of the following is NOT a general ethical principle outlined by the American Psychological Association?

a. social responsibility

b. integrity

c. professional and scientific responsibility

*d. individualization

e. competence
Title: Introduction

24. Credit for much of the development of sport psychology internationally goes to _____________, the first president of the International Society for Sport Psychology.

a. Franklin Henry

b. Dietmar Klein

c. Yuri Hanin

*d. Ferruccio Antonelli

e. Gershon Tanenbaum
Title: Introduction

25. Which of the following is (are) seen as a major growth area in the field in the upcoming years?

a. exercise psychology

b. life skills development

c. personality

d. all of the above

*e. a and b
Title: Introduction

26. Which of the following is NOT a current or future trend in the field of sport and exercise psychology?

a. more emphasis on training in clinical psychology and counseling

*b. increase in quantitative research methodologies

c. increased emphasis on ethics and competency

d. increased interest in psychological skills training

e. continuing tension between academic and applied sport psychology
Title: Introduction

27. Which of the following explain(s) the sport psychology research-to-practice gap?

a. few applied forums in which to disseminate research to practitioners

b. emphasis on basic laboratory research in the 1960s and 1970s

c. emphasis on field experiments in the 1980s

d. all of the above

*e. a and b
Title: Introduction

28. Research by Weinberg and Gould investigating sources of stress among successful and unsuccessful elite wrestlers is a good example of a

a. social–psychological orientation

b. psychophysiological orientation

*c. cognitive–behavioral orientation

d. cognitive–affective orientation

e. physiological–environmental orientation
Title: Introduction

29. Knowledge gained through experience working in exercise and sport science field situations is called

a. empirical knowledge

*b. professional practice knowledge

c. scientific knowledge

d. professional knowledge

e. theoretical knowledge
Title: Introduction

30. The most reliable method of obtaining knowledge is

a. introspection

b. a single case study

c. systematic observation

*d. scientific method

e. shared experience
Title: Introduction

31. The major strength of scientifically derived knowledge is its

a. validity

*b. reliability

c. importance

d. impact on society

e. none of the above
Title: Introduction

32. Zajonc's social facilitation theory predicts that

*a. performance on well-learned tasks is facilitated by an audience

b. performance on novel tasks is facilitated by an audience

c. performance on well-learned tasks is hindered by an audience

d. performance is not affected by an audience

e. performance is improved on both novel and well-learned tasks in front of an audience
Title: Introduction

33. The ultimate goal of science is

a. prediction

b. description

c. explanation

d. control

*e. theory
Title: Introduction

34. The major difference between how a practitioner and a researcher (using the scientific method) would investigate a problem is that the researcher's approach would be more

a. systematic

b. controlled

c. empirical

*d. all of the above

e. a and b
Title: Introduction

35. Which of the following is NOT a quality of scientific research?

a. controlled

b. systematic

c. empirical

d. critical

*e. infallible
Title: Introduction

36. Which successful coach is noted for adopting a sport science approach in his coaching?

*a. "Doc" Counsilman

b. Robert Rotella

c. Jim Thorpe

d. Casey Stengel

e. a and b
Title: Introduction

37. The least reliable method of obtaining knowledge is

a. introspection

*b. intuition

c. shared experience

d. a single case study

e. systematic observation
Title: Introduction

38. Which of the following is NOT a method of knowing?

a. a single case study

b. shared public experience

c. introspection

*d. rationalism

e. systematic observation
Title: Introduction

39. Actively applying knowledge of sport and exercise psychology requires

a. keeping up to date on your scientific knowledge base

b. holding realistic expectations concerning the strengths and limitations of scientific principles

c. applying scientific principles in your professional practice setting

*d. all of the above

e. a and b
Title: Introduction

40. The strength of professional practice knowledge is its

a. holistic nature

b. innovative contribution

c. scientific validity and reliability

d. all of the above

*e. a and b
Title: Introduction

32. Which company (started by sport psychologist Graham Jones) has taken sport psychology concepts and applied them to the business world?

*a. Lane 4 Management Group

b. TLC and Associates

c. Wal-Mart

d. Goldman-Sachs