现代国家的概念 现代国家（modern state）



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欧洲国家与资本主义发展

现代国家与现代经济的崛起

现代国际政经体系的互动

现代国际政经体系内的生存与发展

朱天飚

http://www.sg.pku.edu.cn/dpe/tianbiao.htm

现代国家与现代经济的崛起

欧洲国家与资本主义发展

之一

现代国家与经济崛起的微观基础

  • 背景：科技的限度

  • “在中世纪早、中期（约至1200年），欧洲是一个物质权力很弱的世界。没有人有多少军队，没有人有多少有效力的武器，也没有人有多少钱。”

  • 资源的集中点：教士、商人、贵族、国王

  • 小结：

国王（武装）、贵族（土地）、商人（贸易）与教士（信仰）的互动

早期欧洲的政治、经济形态

  • 政治形态

分裂与割据

军事力量与经济力量的不同分布

宗教势力与政治分裂

  • 经济形态

封建的生产方式

地方贸易与远程贸易

宗教势力与贸易发展

现代经济的形成（1）

  • 资本主义经济的特点

商品生产

生产资料的私人垄断占有

劳动力的自由买卖及其与生产资料的分离

  • 从贸易到市场竞争

贸易与政治割据

从地方与远程（互补性）贸易到国内（竞争性）贸易

市场竞争、现代经济与国家

现代国家的形成（1）

  • 政治割据、国家系统与军事竞争

持久性

残酷性

  • 军事竞争与国家

国家机器的专业化与职业化

国家形式的同化趋势

国家的意愿与自主性

  • 现代国家的概念

现代国家（modern state）

民族国家（nation-state）

“有机的”国家（organic state）

现代经济的形成（2）

  • 15世纪后现代经济逐步形成

开辟国内市场：军事竞争与国家强化的结果

推动新的生产方式：军事竞争与国家财政的需求（1）

保护产权：军事竞争与国家财政的需求（2）

促进资本积累：军事竞争与国家财政的需求（3）

现代经济的扩散：军事竞争与示范效应

  • 18世纪下半期开始的第一次工业革命

现代国家的形成（2）

  • 15世纪后现代国家的逐步形成

宗教势力的衰落

绝对主义（Absolutism）

宪政主义（Constitutionalism）

重商主义（Mercantilism）

海外扩张

  • 18世纪下半期开始的欧洲政治、社会震荡

小结

  • 贸易不一定能引发现代经济

  • 现代国家与现代经济在形成过程中相辅相成、缺一不可

  • 持续的军事竞争是根本动力

  • 宗教力量的退却

  • 欧洲的崛起：是奇迹、还是失衡？是必然、还是偶然？

现代国际政经体系的互动

欧洲国家与资本主义发展

之二

现代国家系统（1）

  • 现代国家与现代经济的共同作用

  • 现代国家体系的两面性：残酷性与规则性

  • 规则性的基础：主权国家、相互承认、被认同的等级、频繁交往的工具、法律的框架以及保卫共同利益的手段 –”力量平衡”（balance of power）的形成

  • 1648年威斯特伐利亚（Westphalia）和约

现代国家系统（2）

  • 霸权的更迭

Wallerstein的研究：荷兰（1618年至1815年）、英国（1815年至1945年）和美国（1914年之后）

Modelski的研究：葡萄牙（1494年至1580年）、荷兰（1580年至1688年）、英国（1688年至1914年）和美国（1914年之后）

  • 政经力量的不平衡发展：英国的崛起

国内机制：与西班牙、法国的比较

海外扩张：与葡萄牙、荷兰的比较

国际市场

  • 中心-边缘关系的形成与扩展

  • 国际经济的周期变化

Kondratieff 的研究

  • 对1780年至1920年生产和价格数据的研究

  • 第一个长周期的上升期是从十八世纪八十年代末或九十年代初至1810年到1817年间，下降期是从1810年到1817年间至1844年到1851年间；

  • 第二个长周期的上升期是从1844年到1851年间至1870年到1875年间，下降期是从1870年到1875年间至1890年到1896年间；

  • 第三个长周期的上升期是从1890年到1896年间至1914年到1920年间，下降期则是从1914年到1920年间开始。

熊彼特（Schumpeter） 的研究

  • 从技术创新的角度来观察国际市场的周期性变化

  • 以棉纺和炼铁产业为主导产业的周期（十八世纪八十年代至1817年）

  • 以铁路、蒸汽机和炼钢产业为主导产业的周期（十九世纪四十年代至1875年）

  • 以及以电机、化工和内燃机产业为主导产业的周期（十九世纪九十年代至1920年）

  • 更有学者把汽车、塑料、电子产业为主导产业的周期算作第四周期（1940年至1970年）、把网络算作当今的一个主导产业。

国家系统与国际市场

  • Goldstein 的研究：主要争霸战争与价格指数重大变化的相关性

1618年至1648年的“三十年战争”使荷兰成为世界霸权

1793年至1815年的拿破仑战争使英国成为世界霸权

1914年至1945年两次世界大战则把美国推上霸主的地位

  • Arrighi和Silver 的研究：霸权的兴衰与解决市场发展中遇到的重大问题的相关性

意大利北部城市国家：以金钱来换取保护

荷兰：以贸易强国—使军事保护内部化

英国：以国内生产强国—使生产内部化

美国：以跨国生产强国—使国际生产内部化

英国霸权下的国际经济体系

  • 作为霸主的英国

  • 中心-边缘关系的两条主线

贸易：互补性贸易与竞争性贸易

金融：金本位、国际收支平衡、国际金融资本的流动

  • 英国体系的衰落

英国的衰落：国际负担与国内制度

体系的衰落： “通货紧缩的趋势”与“体系重合”

英、美、德占世界贸易额的百分比

国家/年 1880 1990 1913

英国 23 20 17

美国 10 11 11

德国 10 13 13

英、美、德占世界制造业产值的百分比

国家/年 1880 1990 1913

英国 22.9 18.5 13.6

美国 17.4 23.6 32.0

德国 8.5 13.2 14.8

英、美、德钢铁总产量
（百万吨，1890年指数为生铁产量，以后为钢产量）

国家/年 1890 1990 1913

英国 8.0 5.0 6.5

美国 9.3 10.3 26.5

德国 4.1 6.3 13.6

英国以后的国际经济体系

  • 作为霸主的美国

  • “双重运动”（double movement）与“嵌入性自由主义 ”（embedded liberalism ）

  • 布林顿森林体制（the Bretton Woods system）

小结与启示

  • 现代国家系统的两面性

  • 国际市场的中心-边缘关系

  • 现代国家系统与国际市场的互动

  • 英国体系的崛起与衰落

  • 启示（1）：“体系重合”、“体系分离”与美国体系的发展

  • 启示（2）：“双重运动”与全球化

现代国际政经体系内的生存与发展

欧洲国家与资本主义发展

之三

发展战略

  • 背景：体系内的生存与竞争

  • 选择：外援、外债、外资、外贸、盘剥农业

  • 战略：

（1）出口导向

（2）进口替代

先发展国家：英国

  • 国家与社会力量的平衡

  • 早期的进口替代战略与重商主义政策

  • 1846年后的出口导向战略

  • 对外经济战略

（1）对殖民地

（2）对半独立国家

（3）对主要竞争者

后发展国家（1）

  • 以发展时间分类

第一代后发展国家：美国、比利时（19世纪中期）

第二代后发展国家：法国、德国（19世纪晚期）

第三代后发展国家：俄国、日本（20世纪初期）

  • 后发展国家的发展特点

后发劣势与优势

从银行到国家：强组织力的趋势

从分权到集权：后发展国家的专制趋势

从小型企业到产业集团：工业组织的演变

后发展国家（2）

  • 以面临的发展困境分类

移民国家：开发问题

原住民国家：土地问题

被殖民国家：民族解放问题

  • 发展道路与发展战略

发展道路：民主、改良与革命

发展战略：国家、出口导向与进口替代

后发展国家：小结与思考

  • 后发展国家发展的一般规律

越后发展越需强组织力

越有土地问题越需强组织力

越多运用进口替代战略越需强组织力

  • 思考

资本集中与生产效率

赶超与领先

政府与市场

美国

  • 比较优势与农业出口导向

  • 产品升级与工业进口替代

  • 内战与持续发展

德国

  • 国际军事竞争与普鲁士国家

  • 以进口替代为主的工业化道路

  • “铁与麦”的结合

俄国 – 苏联

  • 俄国后发展的特点与问题

  • 苏联与极端进口替代工业化

  • 苏联经济发展的成败

日本

  • 外部威胁与明治维新

  • 国家主导的工业化

  • 对外扩张之路

总结

  • 现代国家与资本主义经济相辅相成、共同崛起

  • 现代国际政经体系的全球扩张

  • 体系内国家与经济发展的深刻联系

参考信息

  • 朱天飚 著，《比较政治经济学》（北京大学出版社，2006年）。 第二、三、四章。

  • 2007年春季研究生课：

比较政治经济学（朱天飚）

国际政治经济学（傅军）



参考书目

现代国家与现代经济的崛起



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现代国际政经体系的互动

现代国际政治体系 Modern International Political System


  1. 伯克（Burke）著，王晋新 译，《文明的冲突：战争与欧洲国家体系的形成》（上海：上海三联书店，2006年）。




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  2. Robert Gilpin, War and change in world politics (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981).




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  1. __________, “Rethinking the sovereign state model,” Review of International Studies 27, 2001.




  1. Hannes Lacher, “International transformation and the persistence of territoriality: toward a new political geography of capitalism,” Review of International Political Economy 12(1): 26-52, 2005.




  1. Jordi Martí-Henneberg, “The Map of Europe: Continuity and Change in Administrative Boundaries (1850–2000),” Geopolitics 10(4), 2005.




  1. George Modelski, Long cycles in world politics (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1985).




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现代国际经济体系 Modern International Economic System


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  1. Rafael Reuveny and William R. Thompson, “Leading sectors, lead economies, and economic growth,” Review of International Political Economy 8(4), 2001.




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  1. Arthur A. Stein, “The hegemon’s dilemma: Great Britain, the United States, and the international economic order,” International Organization 38(2): 355-386, 1984.




  1. Joan Thirsk, “Economic and social development on a European-world scale,” American Journal of Sociology 82(5): 1097-1102, 1977.




  1. William R. Thompson, “Long waves, technological innovation, and relative decline,” International Organization 44(2), 1990.




  1. William R. Thompson and Lawrence Vescera, “Growth waves, systemic openness, and protectionism,” International Organization 46(2), 1992.




  1. Immanuel Wallerstein, The modern world-system I: capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century (San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo, and Toronto: Academic Press, 1974).




  1. __________, The modern world-system II: mercantilism and the consolidation of the European world-economy, 1600-1750 (San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo, and Toronto: Academic Press, 1980).




  1. __________, The modern world-system III: the second era of great expansion of the capitalist world-economy, 1730-1840s (San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo, and Toronto: Academic Press, 1989).




  1. Aristide R. Zolberg, “Origins of the modern world system: a missing link,” World Politics 33(2): 253-281, 1981.



英国霸权下的国际经济体系 The British Hegemonic System


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  1. Sheri Berman, “Path dependency and political action: reexaming responses to the Depression,” Comparative Politics 30(4): 379-400, 1998.




  1. Fred Block and Margaret Somers, “In the shadow of Speenhamland: social policy and the old poor law,” Politics and Society 31(2): 283-323, 2003.




  1. Guenther Both, “The near-death of liberal capitalism: perceptions from the Weber to the Polanyi brothers,” Politics and Society 31(2): 263-282, 2003.




  1. Kerry A. Chase, “Imperial protection and strategic trade policy in the interwar period,” Review of International Political Economy 11(1): 177-203, 2004.




  1. Christie Davies, “The Rise and Fall of the First Globalisation,” Economic Affairs 25(3), 2005.




  1. Barry J. Eichengreen, Golden fetters: the gold standard and the Great Depression, 1919-1939 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).




  1. Giovanni Federico, “Not Guilty? Agriculture in the 1920s and the Great Depression,” Journal of Economic History 65(4), 2005.




  1. Niall Ferguson, “Political risk and the international bond market between the 1848 revolution and the outbreak of the First World War,” Economic History Review 59(1), 2006.




  1. Marc Flandreau and Clemens Jobst, “The Ties that Divide: A Network Analysis of the International Monetary System, 1890-1910,” Journal of Economic History 65(4), 2005.



  2. Giulio M. Gallarotti, “Hegemons of a lesser God: the Bank of France and monetary leadership under the classical gold standard,” Review of International Political Economy 12(4), 2005.




  1. Sandra Halperin, War and social change in modern Europe: the great transformation revisited (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).




  1. Eric Helleiner, The making of national money: territorial currencies in historical perspective (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003).




  1. Scott C. James and David A. Lake, “The second face of hegemony: Britain’s repeal of the Corn Laws and the American Walker tariff of 1846,” International Organization 43(1): 1-29, 1989.




  1. Charles Kindleberger, “Dominance and leadership in the international economy: exploitation, public goods, and free rides,” International Studies Quarterly 25(2), 1981.




  1. __________, “Hierarchy versus inertial cooperation,” International Organization 40(4), 1986.




  1. Jonathan Kirshner, “Keynes, capital mobility and the crisis of embedded liberalism,” Review of International Political Economy 6(3): 313-337, 1999).




  1. Samuel Knafo, “The gold standard and the origins of the modern international monetary system,” Review of International Political Economy 13(1), 2006.




  1. Kari Polanyi Levitt, “Keynes and Polanyi: the 1920s and the 1990s,” Review of International Political Economy 13(1), 2006.




  1. Timothy McKeown, “Hegemonic stability theory and 19th century tariff levels in Europe,” International Organization 37(1): 73-91, 1983.




  1. Hudson Meadwell, “The long nineteenth century in Europe,” Review of International Studies 27, 2001.




  1. James D. Morrow, Randolph M. Siverson, and Tressa E. Tabares, “The political determinants of international trade: the major powers, 1907-90,” American Political Science Review 92(3): 649-661, 1998.




  1. Avner Offer, “The British empire, 1870-1914: a waste of money?” Economic History Review XLVI(2): 215-238, 1993.




  1. Sean O’Riain and Fred Block, “Introduction (to the special issue on Polanyi),” Politics and Society 31(2): 187-191, 2003.




  1. Kenneth A. Oye, “The sterling-dollar-franc triangle: monetary diplomacy 1929-1937,” World Politics 38(1): 173-199, 1985).




  1. Jennifer Pitts, A turn to empire: the rise of imperial liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005).




  1. Karl Polanyi, The great transformation: the political and economic origins of our time (Boston: Beacon Press, 1944).




  1. Beverly J. Silver and Giovanni Arrighi, “Polanyi’s ‘double movement’: the Belle Epoques of British and U.S. hegemony compared,” Politics and Society 31(2), 2003.




  1. Beth A. Simmons, “Rulers of the game: central bank independence during the interwar years,” International Organization 50(3): 407-443, 1996).




  1. __________, Who adjust? Domestic sources of foreign economic policy during the interwar years (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).




  1. Casper Sylvest, “Continuity and change in British liberal internationalism, c. 1900-1930,” Review of International Studies 31: 263-283, 2005.




  1. Daniel Verdier, “Domestic responses to capital market internationalization under the gold standard, 1870-1914,” International Organization 52(1), 1998.



美国霸权下的国际经济体系 The American Hegemonic System


  1. Mark Blyth, Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).




  1. Guy Ben-Porat, “A new middle east? Globalization, peace and the ‘double movement’,” International Relations 19(1), 2005.




  1. Ian Clark, “Another ‘double movement’: the great transformation after the Cold War?” Review of International Studies 27: 237-255, 2001.




  1. Campbell Craig, “Review article: American realism versus American imperialism,” World Politics 57: 143-171, 2004.




  1. Philip S. Golub, “Imperial politics, imperial will and the crisis of US hegemony,” Review of International Economy 11(4): 763-786, 2004.




  1. Shale Horowitz, “Restarting globalization after World War II: structure, coalitions, and the Cold War,” Comparative Political Studies 37(2): 127-151, 2004.




  1. G. John Ikenberry, “American power and the empire of capitalist democracy,” Review of International Studies 27, 2001.




  1. __________, “Liberalism and empire: logics of order in the American unipolar age,” Review of International Studies 30: 609-630, 2004.




  1. Michael J. Piore and Charles F. Sabel, The second industrial divide: possibilities for prosperity (New York: Basic Books, 1984), esp. Chapter 1 and 7.




  1. Michael Mann, “The first failed empire of the 21st century,” Review of International Studies 30: 631-653, 2004.




  1. Jonathan Monten, “The roots of the Bush doctrine: power, nationalism, and democracy promotion in U.S. strategy,” International Security 29(4): 112-156, 2005.




  1. David P. Rapkin, “Empire and its discontents,” New Political Economy 10(3), 2005.




  1. Julian Reid, “The biopolitics of the war on terror: a critique of the ‘return of imperialism’ thesis in international relations,” Third World Quarterly 26(2): 237-252, 2005.




  1. John Ruggie, “International regimes, transactions, and change: embedded liberalism in the postwar economic order,” International Organization 36(2), 1982.




  1. Richard Saull, “Locating the global South in the theorization of the Cold War: capitalist development, social revolution and geopolitical conflict,” Third World Quarterly 26(2): 253-280, 2005.



  1. George Steinmetz, “Return to Empire: The New U.S. Imperialism in Comparative Historical Perspective,” Sociological Theory 23(4), 2005.




  1. Doug Stokes, “The heart of empire? Theorising US empire in an era of transnational capitalism,” Third World Quarterly 26(2): 217-236, 2005.



现代国际体系内的生存与发展

后发展概述 Introduction to Late Development


  1. 夏诚 著，《世界现代化史纲（第一卷）：世界体系的形成与第一轮现代化》（南宁：广西人民出版社，1999年）。




  1. Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, “Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective,” American Political Science Review 100(1), 2006.



  2. Ha-Joon Chang, Kicking away the ladder: development strategy in historical perspective (London: Anthem Press, 2002).




  1. __________, “Policy space in historical perspective – with special reference to trade and industrial policies,” A paper presented at the Queen Elizabeth House 50th Anniversary Conference, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, July 2005.




  1. Bradford, Colin, Jr. “Policy interventions and markets: development strategy typologies and policy options”, in Manufacturing miracles: paths of industrialization in Latin America and East Asia edited by Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990).




  1. Karl W. Deutsch and Alexander Eckstein, “National industrialization and the declining share of the international economic sector, 1890-1959,” World Politics 13(2): 267-299, 1961.




  1. Ann Firth, “State form, social order and the social sciences: urban space and politico-economic systems 1760-1850,” Journal of Historical Sociology 16(1), 2003.




  1. Gary Gereffi, “Paths of industrialization: an overview”, in Manufacturing miracles: paths of industrialization in Latin America and East Asia edited by Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), pp.8-23.




  1. Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic backwardness in historical perspective: a book of essays (Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1962), Chapter 1.




  1. James R. Kurth, “The political consequences of the product cycle: industrial history and political outcomes,” International Organization 33(1), 1979.




  1. Thomas Leng, “Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England,” The Historical Journal 48(4), 2005.



  2. Patrick K. O’Brien, “Political structures and grand strategies for the growth of the British economy, 1688-1815,” in Nation, state and the economy in history edited by Alice Teichova and Herbert Matis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).




  1. Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey, “Specific factors, capital markets, portfolio diversification, and free trade: domestic determinants of the repeal of the Corn Laws,” World Politics 43(4): 545-569, 1991.




  1. Isabel Sanz-Villarroya, “The convergence process of Argentina with Australia and Canada: 1875-2000,” Explorations in Economic History 42: 439-458, 2005.




  1. Nachoem M. Wijnberg, “The industrial revolution and industrial economics,” Journal of European Economic History 21(1), 1992.



后发展案例 Cases of Late Development


  1. Robert C. Allen, Farm to factory: a reinterpretation of the Soviet industrial revolution (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003).




  1. Jeremy Atack, Fred Bateman and Robert A. Margo, “Capital deepening and the rise of the factory: the American experience during the nineteenth century,” Economic History Review LVIII(3): 586-595, 2005.




  1. W. G. Beasley, The modern history of Japan (New York and Washington: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966).




  1. __________, The rise of modern Japan (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990).




  1. Sheri E. Berman, “Modernization in historical perspective: the case of imperial Germany,” World Politics 53: 431-461, 2001.




  1. Peter Bogason, “Strong or weak state? The case of Danish agricultural export policy, 1849-1906,” Comparative Politics 24(2): 219-227, 1992.




  1. Peter Duus, The rise of modern Japan (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976).




  1. Alexander Erlich, The Soviet industrialization debate, 1924-1928 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1967).




  1. Stefano Fenoaltea, “The growth of the Italian economy, 1861-1913: Preliminary second-generation estimates,” European Review of Economic History 9(3), 2005.



  2. Louis A. Ferleger, “European agricultural development and institutional change: German experiment stations, 1870-1920,” Journal of the Historical Society 5(3), 2005.




  1. Paul R. Gregory, The Political Economy of Stalinism: Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).




  1. Gerd Hardach, “Nation building in Germany: the economic dimension,” in Nation, state and the economy in history edited by Alice Teichova and Herbert Matis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).




  1. Andrew C. Janos, “The politics of backwardness in continental Europe, 1780-1945,” World Politics 41(3):325-358, 1989.




  1. Dale W. Jorgenson and Koji Nomura, “The industry origins of Japanese economic growth,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 19(4): 457-654, 2005.




  1. Peter J. Katzenstein, Cultural norms and national security: police and military in postwar Japan (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1996).




  1. Tamás Krausz, “‘Stalin’s socialism’—today's debates on socialism: theory, history, politics,” Contemporary Politics 11(4), 2005.




  1. David A. Lake, “International economic structures and American foreign economic policy,” World Politics 35(4):517-543, 1983.




  1. __________, “The state and American trade strategy in the pre-hegemonic era,” International Organization 42(1): 33-58, 1988.




  1. Barrington Moore, Jr., Social origins of dictatorship and democracy: lord and peasant in the making of the modern world (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967).




  1. Barry Naughton, “Implications of the state monopoly over industry and its relaxation,” Modern China 18(1), 1992.




  1. E. H. Norman, Origins of the modern Japanese state (Selected Writings of E. H. Norman, edited by John W. Dower, including Norman’s classic book Japan’s emergence as a modern state. New York: Pantheon Books, 1975).




  1. Hiroshi Ohashi, “Learning by doing export subsidies, and industry growth: Japanese steel in the 1950s and 1960s,” Journal of International Economics 66: 297-323, 2005.




  1. Tetsuji Okazaki, “The role of the merchant coalition in pre-modern Japanese economic development: an historical institutional analysis,” Explorations in Economic History 42: 184-201, 2005.




  1. Raymond Powell, “Economic growth in the U.S.S.R.,” Scientific American 219(6), 1968.




  1. Philip G. Roeder, “Modernization and participation in the Leninist development strategy,” American Political Science Review 83(3): 859-884, 1989.




  1. Richard Sakwa, Soviet politics: an introduction (London and New York: Routledge, 1989).




  1. Richard J. Samuels, “Rich nation, strong army”: national security and the technological transformation of Japan (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1994).




  1. Amanda R. Tillotson, “Open states and open economies: Denmark’s contribution to a statist theory of development,” Comparative Politics 21(3): 339-354, 1989.




  1. Leon Trotsky, My life: an attempt at an autobiography (Penguin Books, 1971).




  1. Jeremy J. Whiteman, “Trade and the Regeneration of France, 1789-91: Liberalism, Protectionism and the Commercial Policy of the National Constituent Assembly,” European History Quarterly 31(2): 171-204, 2001.




  1. Seiichiro Yonekura, The Japan iron and steel industry, 1850-1990: continuity and discontinuity (London: MacMillan Press, 1994).




  1. Daniel Ziblatt, Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006).




  1. Gregory M. Dempster, “The fiscal background of the Russian revolution,” European Review of Economic History 10 (1), 2006.




  1. Mark Harrison and Byung-Yeon Kim, “Plans, Prices, and Corruption: The Soviet Firm under Partial Centralization, 1930 to 1990,” Journal of Economic History 66 (1), 2006.




  1. Kenneth B. Pyle, “Profound Forces in the Making of Modern Japan,” Journal of Japanese Studies 32(2), 2006.

Special issue: “Financial Revolutions and Economic Growth,” edited by Peter L. Rousseau and Richard Sylla, Explorations in Economic History 43(1): 1-178, 2006.




  1. Peter L. Rousseau and Richard Sylla, “Financial revolutions and economic growth: Introducing this EEH symposium.”




  1. Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, Frans Buelens and Ludo Cuyvers, “Stock market development and economic growth in Belgium.”




  1. Carsten Burhop, “Did banks cause the German industrialization?”




  1. Anders Ogren, “Free or central banking? Liquidity and financial deepening in Sweden, 1834-1913.”




  1. Yoshiro Miwa and J. Mark Ramseyer, “Japanese industrial finance at the close of the 19th century: Trade creditand financial intermediation.”

Special Issue: “Ruling Passions: Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century America,” edited by Richard R. John, Journal of Policy History 18(1), 2006.





  1. Richard R. John, “Ruling Passions: Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century America.”



  2. Robin L. Einhorn, (Robin Leigh), “Institutional Reality in the Age of Slavery: Taxation and Democracy in the States.”



  3. Mark R. Wilson, “The Politics of Procurement: Military Origins of Bureaucratic Autonomy.”



  4. Sean P. Adams, “Promotion, Competition, Captivity: The Political Economy of Coal.”



  5. Steven W. Usselman and Richard R. John, “Patent Politics: Intellectual Property, the Railroad Industry, and the Problem of Monopoly.”



  6. R. Daniel Wadhwani, “Protecting Small Savers: The Political Economy of Economic Security.”



  7. Naomi R. Lamoreaux, “Did Insecure Property Rights Slow Economic Development? Some Lessons from Economic History.”

Special Issue: “Transnationalism,” Contemporary European History 14(4), 2005.




  1. Patricia Clavin, “Defining Transnationalism.”




  1. Conan Fischer, “Scoundrels without a Fatherland? Heavy Industry and Transnationalism in Post-First World War Germany.”




  1. Patricia Clavin and Jens-Wilhelm Wessel, “Transnationalism and the League of Nations: Understanding the Work of Its Economic and Financial Organisation.”



  2. Christopher Kopper, “Continuities and Discontinuities: New Research on the History of German Economic Institutions.”







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